The Bon Secours Home and Baby House (also known as St Mary's Mother and Baby Home or just The Home ) is a maternity home for unmarried mothers and their children who operate between 1925 and 1961 in Tuam, County Galway, Ireland. The house is run by the Sisters of Bon Secours, a religious order of Roman Catholic nuns, who also operates Grove Hospital in the city. Unmarried pregnant women are sent home to give birth.
In 2012, the Health Service Executive expressed concern that 1,000 children had been sent from Home for illegal adoption in the United States, without their mother's consent.
In 2014, a local amateur historian, Catherine Corless, published an article documenting the deaths of 796 infants and toddlers at Home for decades of operation. The report notes that the most common cause of death among infants is congenital abnormalities, infectious diseases and malnutrition (including marasmus-related malnutrition). The article stated that the corpses were buried at a site in the House and that there was a high mortality rate from the population. His research led him to conclude that almost everything had been buried in an unregistered and unregistered site at Home. The article notes that the site is also a septic tank location when overlaid with periods of use map as a social home. The allegations are being investigated by a lawy investigation commission under Judge Yvonne Murphy - "House and Infant Investigation Commission".
Excavations carried out between November 2016 and February 2017 that have been ordered by the Commission of Inquiry to find significant numbers of human remains, ranging from 35 weeks of fetus to two to three years, are interred in a "twenty-room safe". The Commission's statement reported that "The Commission has not yet determined what the purpose of this structure is but appears to be related to wastewater treatment and/or wastewater.The commission has not yet determined whether it was ever used for this purpose." The carbon dates affirm that the remaining dates of the time period are relevant to the operation of the Mother and Infant House by Bon Secours orders. The Commission stated that he was shocked by the discovery and that he continued the investigation of who was responsible for the disposal of human remains in this way. A later report by the Group of Technical Experts, commissioned by the Department of Children and Youth Affairs, confirmed that the dome was a waste tank.
Video Bon Secours Mother and Baby Home
History
Between 1925 and 1961 in Tuam, a town in County Galway, the Sisters of Bon Secours administer "Houses", an institution where thousands of unmarried pregnant women give birth. Previously, it was a homeless and a military barracks.
Household and military barracks
The building that eventually became "The House" was built in 1841 as a social house under the Irish Poor Act. Like many other workplaces, it has been designed by the architect of Poor Law Commissioner George Wilkinson to house about 800 people. This social house opened in 1846, close to the peak of the Great Famine. In addition to dormitories, the main building contains a health room and "idiot" ward. The warehouse is built on the property to accommodate additional prisoners and fever victims. The fever hospital was then built next door. After Famine, the domestic worker continued to be home to the poor and homeless for more than sixty years.
In 1916, during the revolt against British rule, British troops took over the tramp, drove the occupants and built their barracks. In 1923, during the Irish Civil War, six IRA anti-covenant volunteers were imprisoned and executed in a social home by Irish Free State troops, followed by two others a few weeks later. This is one of the last executions of the Civil War. The nuns who took over the building then set up a cross to commemorate the executed IRA members.
Mother and Infant Home
The Order of Sister Bon Secours, led by Mrs. Hortense McNamara, took over Tuam Workhouse in 1925 and turned it into a "House". This was due to the previous closure of all workhouses in the county by the Galway Board of Health, and the transfer of the Glenamaddy Workhouse hospital wing to Tuam.
Single unmarried single women are sent to deliver there, rather than in the hospital or at home. The nuns trained nurses and midwives. In 1927, the Board of Health directed that the maternity ward be added to the House so that mothers could be separated from the common ward. It was built in 1929. Mothers were asked to stay indoors for a year, doing unpaid work for the nuns, in exchange for some of the services provided. They are separated from their children, who remain separated in the House, raised by nuns, until they can be adopted - often without consent.
Some women who have had two confinements are sent directly to nearby Magdalen laundry after childbirth, as a punishment for their "recidivism". According to Professor Maria Luddy, "Such an attitude, while not intended to be a punishment, is permissible for the development of attitudes that accept custody as a means of protecting society from these voluntary women."
For every mother and child at home, the District Council pays the nuns Ã, Â £ 1 a week. By the end of the year, mothers leave while their babies are usually kept at home. Children live there until they can be adopted, nurtured, or until they are old enough to be sent to an industrial boarding school. Even at that time, there were several complaints from adopted children who were exploited. An article in October 1953 in The Tuam Herald said "an attempt is not always made to find the most suitable home for the child or child that is best suited for the home." The benefits given to foster parents are not always spent for the welfare of children ". Local historian Catherine Corless also found a case where a mother finds a job in England and pays nuns to care for her son at Home. The nuns did not tell him that his son had been nurtured and "keep every installment he sent to them". Some babies were sent to pastors in the United States for illegal adoption by Catholic families there.
A 1947 report by an official inspector visiting the House said some children suffered from malnutrition, and 12 of the 31 infants examined were described as "thin and undeveloped". He also said that the House was packed, with 271 children and 61 mothers living there. The mortality rate was unusually high: 34 percent of children died at home in 1943; 25 percent died in 1944; 23 percent died in 1945; 27 percent died in 1946. The report states "The mortality rate among infants is high... The mortality rate seems to be declining but is now starting to rise again It is time to investigate possible causes before the mortality rate rises higher." The report went on to say, "the care given to babies at home is good, the nuns are careful and attentive, the food is very good, not here we have to find the cause of death rate".
Inspection two years later in 1949, conducted by inspectors from the County Council of Galway, reported "everything at home well and congratulated the Bon Secour Sisters about the condition of their excellent Institution".
The house closed in 1961, and most residents were sent to similar institutions, such as Sean Ross Abbey in Roscrea. The building was largely unused until its destruction in 1972, and new housing was built at the site.
Maps Bon Secours Mother and Baby Home
Unnamed mass grave
1975 find
In 1975, two 12-year-old boys were playing at the Moment House and Infant Home. Under the concrete slab they find a hole or space "full to full" with a children's frame. One of them later said he had seen about twenty skeletons. Slab is believed by some to cover previous home septic tank. Locals speculate that these are the remnants of the victims of Great Famine, unbaptized babies, and/or babies born to die from Home. The number of bodies was then unknown, but considered small. It was sealed shortly afterwards, following a prayer on the site by a priest. Over the next 35 years, the cemetery was tended by local couples, who also built a small cave there.
report 2012-14
In 2012, local historian Catherine Corless published an article revealing that 796 children, most of them babies, had died at Home during her years of operation. He studied their country death certificates and found that they listed various diseases such as tuberculosis, seizures, measles, whooping cough, and influenza. He then crossed out the names with the people in the local cemetery and found that only two were buried in one of them. His research led him to conclude that the only possible location for corpses was the place where skeletons were discovered in 1975. Maps indicate that this is a home septic tank site. Corless believes that some of the skeletons found are in a septic tank. The land of public graves is not marked and is not registered with the authorities; no records were kept from the cemetery there. International media outlets and other commentators described the site as a "mass grave". Conclusion Corless is supported by some locals who remember seeing the nuns and workers who seem to bury the leftovers there late at night. In 2010, the body of 222 babies from Bethany Home, another maternity home, was found in an unmarked mass grave in Dublin. In April 2014, Corless's research into Tuam was published during a memorial devotion at Bethany Home. Corless campaigns the same grave marker to be placed on the Tuam site.
News reports allege a "mass grave" of 800 babies in septic tanks published - first by Mail Ireland on Sunday and then by international media in late May/early June 2014. The story sparked outrage in Ireland and internationally. Some reporting goes beyond what is known by the published source. The Associated Press, in comments on its own preliminary reporting, criticized the reporting of the case, saying it "offers studies on how the exaggeration can breed in the news media, adorn the events that should be enough to grab hold of their own."
The Irish government is under pressure to start an investigation. The government called the allegations "very disturbing". Soon, the government and police began an initial investigation with the aim of launching an investigation.
Criticism of reports
After the issue gained global attention in 2014, some commentators have criticized the story. Some of their suggested explanations are not supported or actively disputed by the Interim Investigation Report on Mother and Infant Home 2017, after excavation of the site.
Corless corrected parts of the media coverage, told the Irish Times, "I never used the word 'discarded' I never told anyone that 800 corpses were thrown in a septic tank."
The National Guard initially suspected that every bone on the site probably came from the Great Famine of the nineteenth century: "This is a historical burial that goes back to the time of famine, no suggestion of any impropriety." The bones of the famine victims were found nearby in 2012, and archaeologists determined that they were the "poor" of the 19th century from the Tuam Poor Law Union Workhouse which originally occupied the building which was then used for Bon Secours Children's Homes. GardaÃÆ' was then ordered to investigate and issue a report on their findings by the Minister of Justice.
Several news outlets initially reported that all 796 remaining children were found in septic tanks, but on June 5, 2014, the RT Times television report by Mark Coughlan, "Baby House", reported that "We do not know for sure, however, if a baby dies at home Tuam was buried in a septic tank: there was no burial site listed on the death note. "Two days later, on June 7, The Irish Times quoted Corless as stating that the story was" widely misunderstood "on the day -day has since ruptured nationally and internationally ("I never used that word" thrown out. "... I never told anyone that 800 corpses were thrown in a septic tank.") He said the skeleton found in 1975 is likely large were in a septic tank, but added that only 204 babies died when septic tanks were being used, and said "it seems unlikely" that they could all be "put in a tank working imbah ". One of those who found the skeleton told the newspaper that he had seen about 20 skeletons. Garda SÃÆ'ochÃÆ'¡na says the claim that all children may be buried in a septic tank has not been "properly tested".
List of National Columnists Patrick Kenny questioned whether the bones found in 1975 came from the Bon Secours House (them) or from one of the previous institutions that had occupied the same building (they did not), as well as what was the structure envisaged by the Core is mass graves is a formerly used septic tank or "dome of the 19th century cemetery". He asserted that the deaths were clustered during the outbreak, especially during periods of economic hardship during World War II: "Details of infant mortality certificates have been released and published in mid-June They reveal a regular outbreak of infectious disease that appears to have spread rapidly among children who live together in close proximity. For example, 24 children died within just six weeks in a serious outbreak of measles in the spring of 1926, while measles also killed 13 in the early spring of 1932, and bronchitis and pneumonia killed 10 in 1954. Four children died within four days from gastroenteritis in 1942, while nine died of whooping cough over a two-week period in 1943. Significantly, one-third of all deaths at home occurred during World War II years, periods of widespread economic hardship. "Others showed that Ireland as a poor country is irrelevant, as for every i bu and the child at home, the Regional Council paid the nuns Ã, £ 1 per week (average female earnings in 1949 were Ã, £ 2.97/week; a piece of bread cost 3p; potato stone (14 pounds) cost 14p); and 1947 data from the National Archives show that, over the preceding twelve months, the mortality rate of children at Bon Secours was almost double that of some other mother and baby homes. A government departmental report into the records stated that "mortality assessment would require public health specialists/historical statistical analysis of children born and living at home in Tuam".
Dr Maurice Gueret, a general practitioner who conducted his own research into the history of the institution, criticized media coverage and said there was a need for a more historical context, saying: "It's no secret that many children die young, especially in the 1920s and 1930s They are dying all over Ireland from infectious diseases.This is a pre-antibiotic era.You are considered lucky if all your children live to adulthood. "
Others, such as Professor Dr. Liam Delaney, say high mortality rates at Home can not be explained by the overall higher child mortality rate at the time, or by higher mortality rates among "illegitimate" children. He added: "It shows something serious within these institutions". Kevin Higgins, a lawyer representing former residents, said that the number of deaths recorded in Tuam homes for more than 30 years is "beyond the scale" compared to the mortality rates of children elsewhere at the same time.
Philip Boucher-Hayes says other media sources have misreported his words to mistakenly claim that nuns have deliberately starved children: "Today on BBC TV I say nutritional deficiencies are listed as the cause of death in other mother and baby homes Some of the booths [now] cite me as [a] the source for unsupported claims that 'nuns starve to death until death' before throwing them into a septic tank. need clarification, I say that kind of thing. "Boucher-Hayes also spoke of the shame felt by the locals on revelation:
"Talk to other people and have a little hand-wringing, there's a bit of a chest blow and a lot of 'ah sure, it's time, no, what's the point of going and digging it up now.'And I think that's a shame about our past that may be replicated in many places where there is an industrial school, where there is a mother and baby home and where there is now suspicion in Cork, in Westmeath, in Tipperary that there is a very large, communal grave of unmarked bodies, unknown, the unforgettable, the discarded body. "
The criticism of the report itself invites criticism, with Gold Quest in The Guardian :
"The defenders have the same line.They do not debate the mortality rate in homes or the fact that the graves of the children are not marked, and they do not interfere for what survivors in London look after. This is, briefly: adoption, so that living families can unite, and properly funded investigations into every mother and infant home in Ireland, dealing with allegations of medical trials being conducted on children, illegal adoption and criminal savagery acknowledgment. "
Additional coverage
A RT documentary in the series Would You Believe , on the topic of Tuam Babies, airs on Sunday, April 12, 2015.
In October 2017, New York Times published an expanded multimedia article, Missing Kids Tuam , by Dan Barry and others that included homes, children and places funeral.
Child trafficking allegations
On June 3, 2015, the Irish Examiner published a special report stating that the HSE Executive has raised concerns in 2012 that up to a thousand children may have been trafficked from home, and recommended that the health minister be informed so that "forensic investigation and complete and resource-equipped state investigation" can be launched.
This issue arose in the HSE when a major social worker responsible for adoption found "a large archive of photographs, documentation and correspondence relating to children sent for adoption to the US" and "documentation in relation to the release and admission to psychiatric institutions in Western region ".
The HSE noted that letters from Home to parents requested money for the maintenance of their children and noted that the duration of stay for children may have been extended by order due to financial reasons. It also reveals a letter to parents asking for money for the maintenance of some children who have run out or have died. Social workers have compiled a list of "up to 1,000 names". The HSE report mentions the possibility that up to 1,000 children have been trafficked for adoption. One report mentions that it is possible that death certificates are forged so that children can be "mediated for adoption", which could "prove to be a scandal that dwarfs other newer issues with the Church and the State". The report notes that the recorded deaths in Bessboro mothers and baby homes in Cork fell "dramatically" in 1950 with the introduction of an adoption law, stating "This... may indicate infants identified for adoption, especially to the US, but have been recorded as infant mortality in Ireland and notified to appropriate parents. "The Bon Secours Sisters in a statement said," Since the Commission of Inquiry has now been established the Sisters of Bon Secours do not believe it would be more appropriate to comment further except to say that they will cooperate fully with the commission. "
The October 2012 HSE memo recommends that due to the severity of this issue, the Minister of Health was then notified with a view towards launching a full investigation. That is not the case, with the Minister only involved following revelations in the mass grave press at home in May 2014.
The report states that if thousands of babies are illegally adopted to the United States, without the consent of a natural mother, this practice is facilitated by doctors, social workers, religious orders, and more people in positions of authority. The report states that there is a real danger that some of these people may still work within the system.
Commission of Investigation
Following the revelation, there are local and international calls for Tuam site investigations and investigations into all such 'mother and baby' homes. Gardaa initially issued a statement saying "This is a historical burial that will return to a time of famine, there is no suggestion of impropriety and no investigation of the garda, nor is there any confirmation from any source that there are between 750 and 800 bodies. On June 4, 2014, the Irish government announced that it was gathering representatives from various government departments to investigate mortality at home and propose ways to tackle the problem. Later Child and Youth Affairs Minister Charles Flanagan said that the government's investigation would not be limited to homes in Tuam and that officials would advise the Government on the best form of investigation before the end of June 2014.
On June 6, two senior Guardians were appointed to lead the "fact-finding mission". They were asked to collect all the surviving records and to conduct preliminary tests on the suspected mass graves. GardaÃÆ' said there was no criminal investigation because there was no evidence of crime, but a senior source said the review could change that.
On July 16, 2014, the Irish Government appointed Judge Yvonne Murphy to lead the Investigation Commission to the Mother and Infant House. In October 2014, the Minister for Children and Youth Affairs James Reilly announced that the draft terms of reference for investigations had been circulated to government departments for comment.
In September 2014, a legal representative of a former resident of the house had asked the Attorney General to order a coronary inquiry to be brought to death. This will require excavation and excavation of the site, which is legalized under the 1962 Victims Act.
On February 19, 2015, the Minister of Children, James Reilly, announced that the terms of reference had been set for "the establishment of an independent commission, which has a three-year deadline and which would cost around EUR21 million, following the signing by the Taoiseach from the Government's order at the Cabinet meeting Tuesday". The three-person commission comprises Judge Yvonne Murphy as Chairman, with an international law expert on child protection and the adoption of Dr. William Duncan, and historian Professor Mary E. Daly, was appointed as Commissioner.
On May 25, 2015, a memorial service for those who died at the House was organized by a coalition of survivor groups and held outside the Government House. Organizers are also looking for:
- "Recognition, apology, and immediate and immediate compensation to the aging parents community"
- "Full Inclusion: All single mothers and their children who are forced to be separated should be included in the Commission of Inquiry as well as any home or institution associated with this activity including all illegal activities."
- "The bill Adoption of Senator Averil Power will be ratified within six months to open all lifetime adopted adoption files"
2017 find
On March 3, 2017, the Mother and Baby Home Investigation Commission announced that human remains had been recovered during excavation tests conducted between November 2016 and February 2017 at the site. Tests performed on some remains indicate they are between 35 weeks of fetus and 2-3 years. The announcement confirms that the deceased died during the period of time that the property was used by the Mother and Infant House, not from earlier periods, since most of the corpses date from the 1920s to the 1950s. The remains are found in "underground structures divided into 20 rooms". While some speculate that this suggests that "children who died in the house were interred on the site in unmarked graves, a common practice in Catholic-run facilities amid high rates of child mortality in the early 20th century Ireland," the word Commission. has not yet determined what the purpose of this structure is but it seems it is a waste tank. The commission has not yet determined whether it was ever used for this purpose. "
The Commission declares that it continues its investigation of who is responsible for the disposal of the human body in this way, that he has also requested the relevant state authorities to take responsibility for the proper care of the bodies, and that he has notified the coroner.. The Minister of Children, Katherine Zappone said that coronary results will determine the course of the investigation and that the commission will determine whether other sites need to be excavated, including other parts of the Tuam site.
The Adoption Alliance of Rights and Justice Group for the Magdalen Campaign Group demanded that Zappone publish a five-month report from the Commission on the issue of expanding the reference frame of the investigation outside the original 18 institutions, and said that the State should ensure that all human remains are buried in unmarked graves in non- agencies in Ireland are identified.
Reactions
Then Taoiseach, Enda Kenny, described the findings as "absolutely terrible", saying "infants from single mothers involved have been treated like some kind of sub-species." He praised Catherine Corless's work in bringing this matter to light. Speaking found at DÃÆ'¡il ÃÆ'â € ireann, in response to a request to expand the Commission's terms of reference, he described the House of Mothers and Babies as "rooms of horror".
No nuns came into our house to kidnap our children. We give them what we believe is the care of the nuns. We gave them the possibility to keep them outrageous gossip, winks and elbow language of excitement where the more sacred of thous very smoothly. We give it because our relationship is bad, in fact, unnatural with what is called honor. Indeed, for a while it seems that in Ireland our women have an extraordinary capacity to impregnate themselves. For their problems, we take their babies and give them presents, sell them, sell them, starve them, ignore them or deny them to the point of their disappearance from our hearts, our eyesight, our country and, in the case of Tuam and perhaps elsewhere, from life itself.
In the same debate, AAA-PBP T.D. BrÃÆ'd Smith called for the order of Bon Secours of the nuns to be dissolved. He said "the kingdom of his hospital, the largest private hospital group in the State, is built on the bones of a dead Tuam baby." Smith says "everyone is not responsible for what happened at Tuam, it's paid by the State, who knows exactly what's going on, and there's a" head payment "of up to $ 3,000 for every child sent to the United States."
The Taoiseach speech was criticized by some. At DÃÆ'¡il, independent member Catherine Connolly immediately spoke, stating:
The discovery is surprising, according to everyone, and especially for you Taoiseach. But this is something Galway has noticed for a long time, highlighted by Catherine Corless in 2014, in her hard-won and self-funded research. Witnesses, many, many women who left before the commission of child abuse investigations culminated in Ryan's Report, as far back as 2009. They tell their stories of their experiences at Mother and Infant Home. It was brought to Martin McAleese's attention when he concluded his report on the Magdalen laundry. So all this does not surprise the victims. What surprised the survivors, and to me, were the carefully crafted words you brought into the room. And, in particular, you say 'no nuns come into our house to kidnap our children', 'we leave them to what we assure ourselves is the care of the nuns' and so on. I have no doubt your omens, a thaoisigh, but I must doubt your judgment in reading that, a carefully crafted speech with such a sentence in a situation like this. My question: please answer. Where is the interim report that has been sitting with the minister since September last year? Please make sure that the site will be turned off because the scene is turned off.
Fianna Fáil's Leader, MicheÃÆ'¡l Martin T.D., called for a state apology for the baby, a warning to be held for them, and for the expansion of the Commission for Investigation to include other agencies and sites.
The then Justice Minister Frances Fitzgerald stated that "this discovery is a very sad reminder of Ireland which is a very hard and hard place for women and their babies" and that "it shows the tortured relations that the State and Church have with pregnant women - it is a tragedy that we now face as a whole. "
Archbishop of the Catholic Archbishop Michael Neary said he was horrified by the confirmation that large numbers of human bodies were buried at the site of a former mother and baby house in the city. Describing the news as a "body blow", he said he was "very surprised to learn the scale of the exercise during the time in which Bon Secours manages mother and baby at home in Tuam".
The Catholic Bishops Conference of Ireland apologizes for the injuries caused by its share in the system, which they say also involves adoption. They also urged parishes to ensure that the former burial site of the inhabitants was properly marked, and said that "the horrible story of life, death and adoption related to the Mother and Infant House has shocked everyone in Ireland and beyond."
Irish President Michael D. Higgins, speaking of findings at the International Women's Day reception, said there was "a dark shadow hanging over our encounter, a shadow that requires all of us to gather more light that might remove the darkness that so many women and children they were cursed, and those questions remained unanswered when we moved. "President Higgins described Catherine Corless's work as" another important step in unlocking locked doors in hidden Ireland ".
Both TV3 and RTÃÆ'â € â„¢ s broadcast a documentary about the scandal, with the latest Claire Byrne Live including a segment that includes the names of all 796 children who died at home.
Catherine Corless appeared on the Late Late Show on March 10, 2017, receiving a standing ovation at the end of the segment. Host Ryan Tubridy said, "If the audience represents the people watching tonight, there is a famine in the country for the truth."
Corless was awarded the Bar Council of Ireland's Human Rights Award in October 2017, an award presented for "outstanding humanitarian service". In his acceptance speech, he said:
"I can not think of how the sisters could leave the house in 1961, closing the gate when it was closed, with 796 children buried under the tunnel inside the coffin, many of them in the waste tank area as we now know, a mentality of sorts what will leave the place without acknowledging that so many cemeteries are there, so many precious lives are lost? Ideally is digging those little bodies and showing them only dignity and respect and perhaps putting them back in the main Tuam grave that just across the road, hopefully the commission of inquiry will give them justice. "What they want is an apology and acknowledgment of what happened to them and their mother.My work is campaigning on behalf of the survivors, the home of the mother and baby continues and I hope that this special award will give more power to the head da victims to come forward and tell their story. With each testimony, the truth is revealed further and our campaign for justi ce to win is strengthened. I share this award with all the survivors - this is for them. "
"He has worked tirelessly on their behalf and has illuminated the dark period of our history, passionately representing the victims and their rights at all times, often in the facing difficulties, symbolizing the essence of a human being and a recipient of this very worthy reward. "
Investigation Team
In June 2017, Minister Zappone announced the appointment of a team of international experts "Expert Group" experts, consisting of Irish forensic archaeologists, forensic anthropologists from the United States, and forensic scientists from England, to investigate the burial site. Zappone also said that he is considering extending the terms of reference for the Commission, to "help answer some questions that have been re-submitted in public debates". The team is led by Dr. Niamh McCullagh, who previously worked with the Independent Commission for the Remnants of Sacrifice Locations in Northern Ireland and the Joint War Command/Lost Command in Action aimed to find the bodies of war victims.
Zappone stated that McCullagh would identify options for the government, see the possibility of extracting the remains and identify if there were any remaining on undiscovered sites.
The team conducted an extensive geophysical survey on the site in July 2017. It consisted of collecting data through various non-invasive techniques, over five days. The team is working with Coroner for North Galway, An Garda SÃÆ'ochÃÆ'¡na, National Monuments Services and Forensic Science Ireland, and advice received from the International Committee of the Red Cross.
Expert Group Report
In December 2017, the Group of Experts reported to the Department of Children and Youth Affairs, outlining five possible actions on the Tuam site. The five possible actions described are:
- Warning : No further investigation work; Restore the site to be managed as a warning; Make the site secure for public access.
- Exhume known as human remains : Recover the buried human remains in the chamber structure identified to date and return to another place; There is no further forensic analysis of the rest.
- Forensic retrieval and recovery of known human remains : Complete forensic archaeological excavations, recovery and analysis of human remains from identified rooms to date.
- Forensic retrieval and recovery, and further evaluation/excavation of other areas of burial potential/interest : Complete forensic excavation and recovery of all human remains in the memorial park and other target areas, following geophysical surveys, assessment witness statements, historical records, etc.
- Forensic excavation of total available area : Complete forensic and archaeological excavation of all available soil previously occupied by M & amp; B Home. A total of 0.4 hectares (0.99 hectares), comprising a memorial park, playground, parking lot etc. Excludes self-built areas (houses and gardens etc which are then built on the former site).
Zappone said that before a decision is made on the choice to be used, he first wants to consult with local communities in Tuam and other affected parties, such as relatives of those who live at home. He said the consultation process, to be undertaken by the County Council of Galway, would take three months.
The Tuam Home Survivors Network says its members have given careful consideration to the Technical Experts Group report and that the only appropriate action is "complete excavation of Tuam site to ensure recovery of all human remains contained there". The network also searches for postmortem in connection with each set of human remains and DNA catalogs of all the rest to create the most complete database possible.
The Technical Group also identifies a number of human rights issues that fall outside its terms of reference. Zappone has appointed human rights specialist and Special Rapporteur on Child Protection, Professor Geoffrey Shannon, to examine this issue and report to him about his findings.
Grove Hospital
Some Tuam residents are now calling for an investigation into Grove City Hospital, which has also been run by Bon Secours orders. A number of people claimed their children or their relatives were buried on the site from the 1950s through the late 1970s, although the order denied that there was a grave on the site. The County Council of Galway has determined that an archaeologist should monitor the excavation work on the site to preserve the remains that may be buried there.
See also
- Bethany Mother and Child Home
- Cavan Orphanage Fire
- Magdalen laundry in Ireland
References
External links
- the Homepage and Home page
- Archive clippings and newspaper photos
- Radio Foyle Interview with Catherine Corless, May 27, 2014
- BBC Our World 2014 Hidden Secret Documentary of Hidden Bodies Ireland, by Sue Lloyd-Roberts
- A list of 796 children who died at home (scroll video)
- A list of 796 children who died at home (text)
- Barry, Dan (October 28, 2017). "Children Lost Tuam: Ireland Wants To Forget But The Dead Are Not Always Buried". Produced by Craig Allen, Kassie Bracken, and Umi Syam. Additional reporting of Kassie Bracken and Megan Specia. The New York Times . Retrieved October 28 2017 .
- Technical Report on Tuam Site Phase 2: Appropriate Action and Program Options available to the Government at the premises of the Mother and Infant House, Tuam, Co. Galway
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments