On September 18, 1970 and at the age of 27, American musician Jimi Hendrix died in London. One of the most influential guitarists of the 1960s, he was described by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as "the greatest player in rock history".
For several days Hendrix was in poor health, partly due to exhaustion caused by overwork, chronic sleep deprivation, and illnesses deemed to be influenza-related. The insecurity of personal relationships and his disappointment with the music industry also contributed to his frustration. Although the details of the last hour and his death are disputed, Hendrix spent most of his last day with Monika Dannemann. During the morning of September Ã, 18, she finds her unresponsive in her apartment at the Samarkand Hotel, 22 Ã, Lansdowne Crescent, Notting Hill. He called for an ambulance at 11:18 am, and he was taken to St. Mary Abbot Hospital where attempts were made to awaken him. He was declared dead at 12:45.
The post-mortem examination concluded that Hendrix inhaled his own vomit and died of asphyxia while drunk with barbiturates. On examination, the coroner, found no evidence of suicide and lacked sufficient evidence about the circumstances, noted the open verdict. Dannemann stated that Hendrix had taken nine Vesparax sleeping tablets determined, 18 times the recommended dosage.
On October 1, 1970, Hendrix was interred in Greenwood Cemetery in Renton, Washington. In 1992, her ex-girlfriend Kathy Etchingham called on British authorities to reopen an investigation into her death. The subsequent investigation by Scotland Yard proved inconclusive, and in 1993, they decided not to continue the investigation.
Video Death of Jimi Hendrix
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American musician Jimi Hendrix (born November 27, 1942) was one of the most influential guitarists of the 1960s. His Rock and Roll Hall of Fame biography says he "is arguably the greatest instrumentalist in the history of rock music." Hendrix expanded the reach and vocabulary of electric guitars into areas where no musician had ever ventured before, his unlimited drive, technical and creative abilities the application of effects like wah-wah and distortion forever change the sound of rock and roll. "
For a week before his death, he was dealing with two pending lawsuits, one paternity case and the other a recording contract dispute that the High Court of England would hear the following week. He is also troubled by the desire to leave his manager, Michael Jeffery. Hendrix is ​​tired and suffers from poor health, partly because of the excessive fatigue caused by overwork, chronic sleep deprivation, and persistent illness are assumed to be influenza-related. Not having a faithful personal relationship, his discomfort about the future and the disappointment of the music industry contributed to his frustration.
On September 11, 1970, Hendrix gave her last interview in her suite at the Cumberland Hotel in London, where she spoke with Keith Altham, a journalist for Record Mirror. During the interview, Hendrix confirmed reports that Billy Cox, the bass player in his band, Jimi Hendrix Experience, is leaving. Cox, who suffers from severe fatigue and symptoms of paranoia, agrees with Hendrix that they should postpone their plans to collaborate on music. When Altham asks Hendrix: "Do you feel any compulsion to prove yourself as King Guitar", Hendrix replied: "No, I do not even let it bother me because they say a lot about these people, if they let it interrupt they are not even going to be there today... King Guitar now? Wow, that's a bit heavy. "Altham also suggested that Hendrix create psychedelic music, which he laughed and replied:" The crazy scientist approach... I do not consider [music my] psychedelic discovery, it just asks a lot of questions. "
The next day, Hendrix received a phone call from one of her female friends, Devon Wilson, who became jealous after hearing rumors that she was dating another woman, Kirsten Nefer. Nefer remembers: "I heard Jimi talking to Devon... he's crazy... he fits... Jimi says 'Devon, get off my back'". Hendrix is ​​scheduled to appear in Rotterdam on September 13, but the show, along with three others, was canceled due to Cox's inability. During the night of 13 September, Nefer visited Hendrix in Cumberland. After telling him that he had to go back to work that night, he convinced him to call his boss, actor George Lazenby, and ask for a night's rest. Lazenby gets angry and screams over the phone to Nefer: "You're nothing but a fucking groupie", which Hendrix heard. The exchanges annoy him, and he tells Nefer: "Never ever go to that person again". Nefer explains to him that he has spent six months making films with Lazenby and that he does not want to quit his job; Hendrix finally agreed. Nefer spends the night with her and leaves in the morning.
Hendrix spent most of the afternoon and afternoon of September 14 discussing his career plans with record producer Alan Douglas. In the early hours of September 15, he went to London Heathrow Airport with Douglas, who returned to New York. Hendrix's conviction, Sharon Lawrence, was in London, and spoke with her that day. Lawrence commented: "Jimi tracked me down, detailing the pressure and discussing 'what's called a friend.' He's nervous and angry." According to Lawrence, Hendrix told him: "I can not sleep, I can not focus on writing any songs." Later that afternoon, his girlfriend Monika Dannemann arrived in Cumberland. He and Hendrix then went to his apartment at the Samarkand Hotel, 22 Lansdowne Crescent, Notting Hill.
On the afternoon of September 15, Hendrix was asked by his friend Eric Burdon, a former Animal, if he wanted to participate in a jam session at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club with the newly formed Burdon band, War. Hendrix was accepted, but when he arrived at the nightclub, he was not allowed to play because of his drug-related disindirinya. Burdon commented: "Jimi is down and is fine... He's too shaky to play, so I told him to come back the next night." Hendrix returns the next night and presents a healthier appearance. The crowd was enthusiastic and impressed with his performance despite his unusual guitar playing as he sat with the War on "Tobacco Road" and "Mother Earth". This is the last time Hendrix played the guitar in public.
Maps Death of Jimi Hendrix
Last hour
Late morning and evening
Although the details of the last day and Hendrix's death are unclear and much debated, he spent most of September 17 in London with Monika Dannemann. He woke up late that morning at Dannemann's apartment at Samarkand Hotel. Around 2 pm, he was sitting in the garden area outside the apartment while enjoying tea while taking a picture of himself holding his favorite Fender Stratocaster guitar he called "black beauty". In the opinion of the author Tony Brown, "Jimi does not look very healthy in these pictures: his face looks a little swollen and only a few photos he's trying to smile."
According to Dannemann, at 3 pm. they have left the apartment to use the bank. They proceed to Kensington Market, where Hendrix signs autographs for a boy, buys leather jackets, and orders some shoes. She also talked to ex-girlfriend Kathy Etchingham, inviting her to visit her at her hotel that night at 8 pm; he declined the invitation because of his previous engagement and later admitted that he had "regretted it ever since". Hendrix and Dannemann then went to the Chelsea antiques market, where Hendrix bought more clothes. After stopping to buy the writing paper, which he used to compose his final lyrics, Dannemann and Hendrix drove to his room at the Cumberland Hotel, meeting Devon Wilson as he walked on King's Road. Hendrix asks Dannemann to stop the car so he can come out and talk to Wilson, who invites Hendrix to the party that night. Dannemann became jealous, giving Wilson a cold look during the brief meeting. Then, Phillip Harvey invites Dannemann and Hendrix for tea; they are accepted. Before their arrival at Harvey, they were briefly stopped by Cumberland.
While at the hotel, Hendrix made several phone calls. Dannemann said he called his lawyer Henry Steingarten, asking him to find a way out of his contract with his manager Mike Jeffery, and producer Eddie Kramer, which Hendrix left a voicemail. Mitch Mitchell said that he called Hendrix at Cumberland on September 17, after being asked to do so by tour manager Gerry Stickells, who had spoken with Hendrix a few minutes earlier. Mitchell said that during a telephone conversation, Hendrix agreed to join him around midnight at Speakeasy Club for a prearranged session hour, including Sly Stone.
Late afternoon and evening
After stopping at Cumberland, Hendrix and Dannemann accompany Harvey to his apartment, arriving around 5:30 am. Hendrix and Dannemann smoked marijuana and drank tea and wine with Harvey and his two female colleagues while discussing their careers. Around 10 pm, Dannemann, apparently feeling left out of the conversation and jealous of Hendrix's concern is giving her female friends Harvey, becomes annoyed and storms out of the flat. Hendrix followed him, and there was an argument between them where Dannemann reportedly shouted: "you fucking pig". Harvey, worried that their screams would attract unwanted attention from the police, asking them to shut up.
Harvey, who remained silent about the incident out of respect for his English aristocratic father, Arthur Vere Harvey, gave a statement after his father's death in 1994. In his statement, he claims to have been slightly concerned for Hendrix's safety, worried that Dannemann may be "forced into physical violence serious". According to Harvey, Dannemann "verbally attacks [Hendrix] in the most offensive way". About 30 minutes later, Hendrix reentered the flat and apologized for the explosion before leaving with Dannemann at 10:40. Dannemann said he then prepared food for them in his apartment around 11 pm. and shared a bottle of wine with Hendrix. Some time after returning to the apartment, Hendrix showered, then wrote a poem entitled "The Story of Life".
Morning
At about 1:45 am on Friday, September 18, Dannemann drove Hendrix to Wilson's party to invite him to the start of the day, which was hosted by Hendrix's acquaintances and business associate Pete Kameron. At the party, Hendrix complains to Kameron about business issues, eats some food, and takes at least one amphetamine tablet. About 30 minutes later, Dannemann sounded a flat intercom asking Hendrix. Another guest, Stella Douglas, asked her to come back later. According to guest Angie Burdon, wife of Eric Burdon of the Animals, when Dannemann returned about 15 minutes later, Douglas used a firm approach with him to be rude. Undeterred, Dannemann demanded to speak with Hendrix. Burdon recalls: "[Hendrix] is angry because [Dannemann] will not leave her alone." According to Burdon, another guest at the party shouted a window at Dannemann, asking him to leave. Hendrix finally gave in and talked to Dannemann before suddenly leaving the party around 3 am.
Dannemann, the only eyewitness to Hendrix's last hour, said that sometime after 3 am, he prepared two tuna buns for them after arriving back in his underground apartment. At about 4 am, Hendrix, struggling with insomnia after taking amphetamines a few hours earlier, asked him for a sleeping tablet. She then says she rejects her request hoping she will fall asleep naturally. Dannemann said he secretly took sleeping tablets around 6 am, with Hendrix still awake. She wakes up around 10 and 10:20 am to find her normal sleeping beside her. He said he then went to buy cigarettes, and when he came back around 11 am, found him in bed breathing, though unconscious and unresponsive. He called the ambulance at 11:18 and one arrived at 11:27 am.
When the members of the ambulance crew of Reg Jones and John Saua arrived in Samarkand, the doors to the flats were wide open, the gas fire was lit, the curtains were drawn, and the apartment was dark. The crew called several times, but after no response, they entered and found Hendrix alone in bed. Dannemann can not be found anywhere. According to Jones: "Well, we have to get the police, we just have [Hendrix] and an empty flat, so John runs and radio, and gets an aspirator... It's horrible, he's filled with vomit, there's a lot on the pillow - black and brown his breath was completely blocked all the way... We felt his pulse... showing light in his eyes but no response at all. "At 11:30, police officers Ian Smith and Tom Keene responded to calls for help police from the ambulance control center. Jones commented: "As soon as the police arrived, which seemed to have no time at all, we [Hendrix] went to the hospital as fast as we could."
The ambulance crew left the hotel at around 11:35 am to take Hendrix to St Mary Abbot Hospital and they arrived at 11:45 am. Dr Medical Officer Martin Seifert stated: "Jimi was rushed to the [resuscitation room] He was put on the monitor, but [EKG trace] was flat, I hit his heart [CPR] a couple of times, but it was meaningless, he was dead". According to Seifert, efforts to resuscitate Hendrix lasted "just a few minutes". The surgical registrar, Dr. John Bannister, commented: "He's cold and he's blue, he has all the parameters of someone who has died for some time.We worked on him for about half an hour with no response at all." Bannister announced Hendrix died at 12:45 am on Friday , September 18, 1970; he is 27 years old. He then stated: "When he comes in he is definitely dead, he has no pulse, no heartbeat, and attempts to awaken him are just formality."
Media responses
On the morning of September 18, Eric Burdon arrived in Samarkand some time before the ambulance crew and discovered that Hendrix was dead. Burdon soon became concerned that the police would find drugs in the apartment, and when he collected incriminating evidence, he found a poem written Hendrix hours earlier, "The Story of Life". Burdon, who said he had previously discussed suicide and death with Hendrix, thought the poem was a suicide note. Under this assumption, he made a remark to the press about his belief that Hendrix had committed suicide that he had withdrawn: "I made a false statement... I really do not understand what the situation is... I misread the note... I think that's goodbye ". Dannemann said Hendrix told him: "I want you to keep this [poem] forever [and] I do not want you to forget anything that's written - it's a story about you and me."
As soon as Bannister announced Hendrix died, a hospital spokesman told the press: "We do not know where, how, or why he died, but he died of an overdose." Later that night, many newspapers in London and New York had scored a sensational headline that exploited a dead-from-overdose account. Hendrix's public relations manager, Les Perrin, gave an interview on Dutch radio immediately after the announcement of the hospital. He commented: "Well, all I know is Mr. Hendrix's body was taken to St Mary Abbots Hospital in Kensington, London, at 11:45 this morning, and he was declared dead on arrival." At 2 pm, BBC Radio 1 reported: "Jimi Hendrix, regarded by millions as one of the most talented and original performers in modern rock music, is dead." That night, The New York Times described her as "a black genius musician, guitarist, singer and composer with brilliant dramatic powers, speaking in movement and magnitude that she could imagine and create."
On September 19, Dannemann spoke with a reporter for the German tabloid Bild . During the interview, published on Sept. 24, Dannemann stated: "I love him, and Jimi loves me... We're engaged... I'll then design a sleeve for his notes... He can not sleep so I gave him a tablet." On September 20, a journalist from The Daily Telegraph interviewed Dannemann's brother Klaus-Peter Dannemann who stated: "[Monika] called me on [September 19] and told me that [ Hendrix] took nine sleeps "She said that Jimi had told her that she wanted to sleep for a day and a half before she went to America. He told me that he did not intend to commit suicide. "
Post-mortem
To determine the cause of death, the coroner, Gavin Thurston, ordered a post-mortem examination on Hendrix's body, conducted on September 21, by Professor Robert Donald Teare, a forensic pathologist. Teare reported that Hendrix was "quite nutritious and muscular", and he identified a quarter inch scar on Hendrix's left wrist. He says that there is "no stigmata of intravenous drug addiction, once these signs are on the skin, they never leave, in which case there is no sign at all." Although Teare observed that the right side of Hendrix's heart was widened extensively, he found no evidence of valvular heart disease. He found a partially collapsed left lung and 400 ml of fluid in Hendrix's chest. Both lungs are blocked, and vomiting is found in smaller bronchi. According to Teare, Hendrix's belly "contains half-digested foods where the rice is indistinguishable." Teare concluded that Hendrix's kidneys were healthy, and his heart was tight. "Her bladder is half full of clear urine." He stated that Hendrix blood alcohol content is 100 mg per 100 ml, "enough to fail breathalyzer test... equivalent to about four pints of beer." Teare reported that Hendrix's blood analysis "revealed a mixture of barbiturates consistent with those of Vesparax", and he estimated that the drug concentration was translated into consumption of 1.8 grams of barbiturates, 20 mg of amphetamine, and 20 mg of marijuana. Teare gives the cause of death as: "Inhaling vomit because of barbiturate poisoning." He did not try to determine the timing of Hendrix's death.
Thurston began the examination on September 23, and on September 28 he concluded that Hendrix had sucked up his own vomit and died of asphyxia while drunk with barbiturates. Citing "insufficient evidence of circumstances", he notes an open verdict. He commented: "The cause of death obviously inhaling vomit because of barbiturate poisoning, but there is no evidence for the intention of committing suicide... If the question of intentions can not be answered, then it is appropriate to find the cause of death and let it be an open verdict." Dannemann later stated that Hendrix had taken nine of the prescribed Vesparax sleeping tablets. Intended to be taken in half doses of tablets, nine strong sedative tablets are 18 times the recommended amount.
After Hendrix's body was embalmed by Desmond Henley, it was flown to Seattle, Washington, on 29 September. After a service at Dunlop Baptist Church on October 1, he was buried at Greenwood Cemetery in Renton, Washington, the location of his mother's grave. Hendrix's family and friends traveled in 24 limousines. Over two hundred people attended the funeral, including some famous musicians such as members of Original Experiences Mitch Mitchell and Noel Redding, as well as Miles Davis, John Hammond and Johnny Winter.
Scotland Yard inconsistency and request
Tony Brown, author of Jimi Hendrix: The Final Days (1997), has been in regular contact with Dannemann from 1980 until his death in 1996. He visited with him several times and talked to him several times over the phone. Immediately after contacting him, Brown came to the conclusion that his report on the events of Hendrix's last day "will change from one call to the next." In the days following Hendrix's death, he gave two significantly different reports on the morning of September 18th.
At about 4 pm on September 18, Dannemann told Police Sergeant John Shaw: "We slept around 7 am When I woke up at eleven, his face was covered with vomit, and he was breathing noisily, I was sent for an ambulance, and he was taken to the house I noticed that my ten sleeping tablets disappeared. "In a statement given to P. Weyell from the coroner's office on September 24, he said:
I made a sandwich and we talked until around 7am. He then said that he wanted to go to bed. He took some tablets, and we went to bed. I wake up around 11am, and see Jimi's face filled with vomit. I tried to wake him but could not. I called an ambulance and she was taken to a hospital in Kensington... Before I went with her to the hospital, I checked my Vesparax sleep tablet inventory and found that nine of them were missing.
In Dannemann's initial statement, he said he woke up at 11 am on September 18th. During the hearing, he stated that he woke up at 10:20 am, and went to buy cigarettes, something he had never mentioned before. In 1971, he wrote a manuscript in which he said he woke up at 10 am. In 1975, during an interview with writer Caesar Glebbeek, Dannemann stated that he woke up at 9 am. According to Burdon, Dannemann phoned him as "the first light of dawn is coming through the window." Stickells says he received a phone call on the matter with Hendrix "between 8 am and 9 am" Mitchell said he waited for Hendrix at Speakeasy Club until they closed at 4 am, and hours after an hour and a half drive home, he received a phone call from Stickells, who told him Hendrix had died. In his statement to the police and coroner's office, Dannemann never mentioned calling Burdon.
Although Dannemann claims that Hendrix was alive when placed in an ambulance at about 11:30 am and that he was riding with him on his way to the hospital, the ambulance crew later denied he was there. Statements from paramedics who responded to the support call they found Hendrix alone in the flat when they arrived at 11:27 am, dressed completely and apparently dead. Jones later commented: "[When] we arrived at the flat, the door was wide open, there was nobody, just a body in bed." Saua said: "There's only me and the victim and Reg the driver. No one else." Burdon states: "[Dannemann] did not go in the ambulance; he was with me". According to Jones, Hendrix's intestine and bladder had released some of its contents before the arrival of an ambulance crew in Samarkand. Saua states that the vomit is dry when they arrive, using their aspirator is not effective. Saua commented: "When we moved [Hendrix], the gases gurgle, you get it when someone has died". According to Smith police officer: "The ambulances are there, but Jimi is dead... There's nothing they can do for him." Smith also denied Dannemann's statement that he was there with Hendrix in the flat and in the ambulance:
No, I remember clearly the doors shut the crew and Jimi... no one. If he were in the flat, they would never call us to come... But since nobody was there, he was dead, and things were a bit strange, suspicious, they sent radio... we went in. It was not until later that day that I knew it was Jimi Hendrix.
In 1992, after a widespread review of the September 18, 1970, the London Ambulance Service issued an official statement: "No one but the deceased, in the flat when they arrived, no one else accompanied them in the ambulance to St. John's Hospital. Mary Abbotts. "
In 1992, after arranging a personal investigation into Hendrix's death, Etchingham gave the proceeds to the British authorities and asked them to reopen the coroner's investigation. After several months of investigation by Scotland Yard, where any party interested in the event was interviewed, officials were confident the request would be granted. The investigation finally proved inconclusive in 1993, when Attorney General Sir Nicholas Lyell decided that proceeding with the investigation would not serve the public, partly because of the excessive time that has passed since Hendrix's death.
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