California Department of Repair and Rehabilitation ( CDCR ) is responsible for the operation of the California state prison and parole system. Its headquarters are in Sacramento.
Video California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
Ukuran staf
CDCR is the third largest law enforcement in the United States behind the US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) which is part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and the New York City Police Department, which employs approximately 66,000 federal officials and 42,000 officers police officers respectively. CDCR prison officers are sworn by law enforcement officers with the force of peace officers.
In 2013, the CDCR employs approximately 24,000 peacekeepers (state penitentiaries), 1,800 state parole agents, and 600 criminal investigators/special agents.
Maps California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
History
In 1851, California activated the first state-run institution. The institute is a 268 ton timber ship named The Waban , and anchored in San Francisco Bay. A prison ship accommodates 30 inmates who later built the San Quentin National Prison, which opened in 1852 with about 68 inmates.
Since 1852, the Department has activated thirty-one prisons across the state. The history of the CDCR dates back to 1912, when the agency was called the California State Detentions Bureau. In 1951 it was renamed the California Department of Corrections. In 2004 it was renamed as California Department of Correction and Rehabilitation (CDCR).
In 2016-2017 it costs an average of $ 70,836 to become a home occupant for one year.
Reorganization (2000s)
In 2004, an Independent Review Panel of Corrections suggested "Reorganizing Youth and Adult Correctional Institutions". The body consists of "the Ministry of Corrections, the Ministry of Youth Authority, the Council of Prison Conditions, the Correction Board, the Commission on the Standards and Training of Corruption Prisoners, the Narcotics Addiction Evaluation Council and the Council of Youth Authorities."
California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger made a public reorganization plan in January 2005 carrying out many panel recommendations but without "citizen commissions overseeing all state correctional operations." The reorganization became effective on July 1, 2005. The CDCR replaces:
Organization
Headquarters
Bulletin http://www.insidecdcr.ca.gov/
Division and board
- California Adult Operations Division
- California Adult Liberation Division
- California Adult Program Division
- California Liberation Council Heard
- California Council on Mentally Ill Offenders (COMIO)
- California Corrected Standards Authority
- California Juvenile Justice
- CPHCS Contract Branch
- Prison Industry Authority (CALPIA)
- State Commission for Juvenile Justice
- Rehabilitation Program Division (DRP)
Facilities
CDCR operates all state agencies, oversees prisons and community camps, and monitors all parole as long as they reenter the community.
Institution
According to the Department's official website, "There are currently 33 adult prisons, 13 adult community facilitation facilities, and eight teenage facilities in California that accommodate over 165,000 adult offenders and nearly 3,200 teen criminals." This prison population makes the CDCR the largest state-run prison system in the United States.
Regarding the adult prison, the CDCR has the duty of accepting and placing detainees convicted of crimes in the State of California. When an adult inmate arrives at a state prison, he is given a classification based on his offense. Each prison is designed to accommodate different types of prisoners, from Level I prisoners to Level IV prisoners; the higher the level, the higher the risk that prisoners experience. The selected prisons within the country are equipped with security housing units, reception centers, and/or "cursed" units. This security level is defined as follows:
- Level I: "Open the boarder without a secure perimeter."
- Level II: "Open dormitory with safe perimeter fence and armed coverage."
- Level III: "Individual cells, fenced perimeter and armed coverage."
- Level IV: "Cell boundaries, fenced or walled, electronic security, more staff and armed officers both inside and outside the plant."
- Housing Security Unit (SHU): "The safest area in a Level IV prison designed to provide maximum coverage." It is designed to handle inmates who can not stay with the general population of prisoners. This includes inmates who are validated by prison gang members, gang bosses or callers, etc.
- Reception Center (RC): "Provides short-term housing to process, classify and evaluate incoming prisoners."
- Condemned (Cond): "Sentenced to death."
Parole
According to the State Department's official website, "there are more than 148,000 liberated adults and 3,800 teenagers freed by CDCR." A 2002 article found that "California's growth in the number of free parole people - and in the amount of parole has been lifted - has far exceeded growth in other parts of the country." California accounts for 12 percent of the US population but 18 percent of the US parole population, and nearly 90,000 people are free of California traffic jams back to prison in 2000.
At San Quentin, the California Reentry's nonprofit program "helps inmates reenter the community after they have been sentenced."
CDCR Peace Officer
CDCR prison officers are peacekeepers per California criminal section 830.2 and 830.5, as their primary duty is to provide public security and public services inside and outside state prisons, state operated medical facilities, and temporary camps engaged in the performance of their duties.
The main duties of these officers include, but are not limited to, providing public security and law enforcement services in and around California adult and youth institutions, firefighters, and state-run medical and hospital facilities, and public facilities. The officer also monitors and supervises the parole released back to the general public. Other key tasks include investigation and understanding of institutional escape and parole (PAL), prison gangs, state-run drug enforcement and investigations (involving agencies), etc.
Custom Service Unit
In addition to prison officers, the CDCR employs about 33 special agents (criminal investigators) assigned to offices across the state. These agents conduct criminal investigations involving parole and inmates, monitoring prison gangs, gathering intelligence and enforcing narcotics. These researchers are part of an elite unit known as a Special Service Unit or just an SSU. Special agents work with other law enforcement agencies, such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the California Justice Department and the local police department and the sheriff's department. SSU special agents hold state equality from a CDCR captain. As secret employees, they are able to keep their low profile and small footprint while performing very famous cases.
Ranking structure
History
The Special Service Unit of the California Department of Repair and Rehabilitation (CDCR) was established in 1963, at the request of the then California Governor, Edmund Brown. Unfortunately, the establishment of the unit is said to have evolved after the March 9, 1963 kidnapping of two Los Angeles police officers. The subsequent kidnapping and murder of one of the officers was done by two state parole, Gregory Powell and Jimmy Lee Smith (a.k.a., Jimmy Youngblood). LAPD officers, Ian Campbell and Karl Hettinger made regular traffic stops at Powell and Smith in the Hollywood area. When the two officers approached the car, they were abducted at gunpoint by two prisoners and forced into Powell's car. They were driven north from Los Angeles to an onion field near Bakersfield, where Officer Campbell was shot dead. Officer Hettinger managed to escape.
In a police investigation that took place after the incident, the LAPD detective's ability to obtain timely and necessary information from the Department of Corrections was severely hampered, as if by the size and bureaucracy of the department. Detectives need a way to get information quickly and get the help of CDCR resources. Due to this tragic incident and subsequent legislative conferences, a decision was made to establish a Special Service Unit.
Charles Casey, who became assistant director of the CDCR at the time, learned of a unit within the New York Corruption Department that seemed to bridge the gap between the New York state parole services and local law enforcement. Casey met with Russell H. Oswald, chairman of the New York State Liberation Council, who is the founder of the Special Services Bureau in New York's parole division. Based on his studies and evaluation of the Special Services Bureau, Casey returned to California and designed a similar unit, calling it a Special Service Unit. After the legislature approved its formation, the unit officially began service in 1964.
This unit serves as the principal investigative unit for CDCRs in cases that come from prisons or countries of parole and affect the road. According to its official description, the SSU "conducts major criminal investigations and prosecutions, criminal arrest attempts from prison and prison sentences sought for serious and cruel crimes, is a major departmental gang management unit, conducts complex investigations of gangs against prisoners and suspected detainees. criminal gang activity, and is a liaison unit of administrative and law enforcement investigations. "In layman terms, this means the unit does whatever it asks to keep the community safe.
High profile case
Throughout its fifty-year history, the Special Service Unit has been quietly involved in high profile cases. One example is the kidnapping of Patricia Hearst by the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) in 1974. The SLA is a radical left-wing organization formed in the Soledad Prison by Donald DeFreeze. In 1973, Defreeze escaped from prison and led the SLA on the streets when they kidnapped Hearst. The day after Hearst's kidnapping, special agents from the San Francisco office provided police with photographs of the suspects that matched the overall description of one of the kidnappers. Thanks to the photographs provided by the SSU, DeFreeze is positively identified as one of Hearst's kidnappers. The identification led to a long SLA investigation and its origins behind the prison wall.
Another example is the high profile murder that rocked Los Angeles in the late sixties. The killings were committed by members of the cult of Charles Manson and later became known as Helter Skelter. During the process of cult investigation, a special agent of the SSU was asked by the Los Angeles Police to interview Bruce Davis, a follower of Manson who was convicted of the 1969 assassination of Gary Hinman in Los Angeles. Davis is a devotee of Manson who the police are trying to turn as informants into many of the open killings associated with the Manson Family. On January 26, 2001, San Francisco resident Diane Whipple was attacked and killed by two large Presa Canario dogs in the hallway of her apartment building. The dogs, named Bane and Hera, are owned by neighboring Whipple, Marjorie Knoller and Robert Noel. The real owner of the dog, Paul Schneider, is a high-level member of the Aryan Brotherhood prison gang who is serving a life sentence at Pelican Bay State Prison. The Special Service Unit has been investigating the Aryan Brotherhood and its illegal dog breeding business for several months before Whipple's death. SSU can assist local law enforcement during the investigation and prosecution of Knoller and Noel.
In August 2009, Phillip Garrido was arrested in Antioch, California, for Jaycee Dugard's kidnapping. He had kidnapped eighteen years earlier and kept him in captivity. The Hayward Police Department (Calif.) Is interested in Garrido as it is associated with the 1988 kidnapping of the nine-year-old Michaela Garecht. Special agents from the SSU assist detectives from the Hayward Police Department in subsequent investigations. In 2011, they helped conduct an interview with Garrido and his wife, Nancy Garrido, both of whom have been sentenced to state prison in California. In August 2014, the convicted murderer Scott Landers escaped from the back of a CDCR transport van while on the Interstate 5 freeway just north of Atwater, Calif. Landers has been convicted of stabbing a 61-year-old man at Riverside, Calif. and serve twenty-five years to live. After escaping, members of the elite Special Service Unit were called from around the state to lead the investigation. Within twenty-four hours, the escaping killer was arrested and taken back to CDCR custody.
Structure is now
The Special Services Unit configuration is currently true to its origin - small and mobile. Although the number is still a secret, it has been said that there are very few of these elite legal officers. Estimated fixed between 30-35 special agents actually assigned to this unit. They are based throughout California underground, off-premises locations. Each agent is equipped with tactical equipment and supervision and is ready to respond anywhere within the country at that time.
In 2005, CDCR began to consolidate various divisions and units in an effort to realign its organizational structure. During that time the Office of Security Corrections (OCS) was created, which functioned as a special operations division for the department. In the OCS there are groups such as the Fugitive Fugitive Team (FAT) and Emergency Operations Unit (EOU), the full-time CDM SWAT team. SSUs become OCS branches as well, which enhance training and tactical acumen for all special agents. With the incorporation of EOU units with SSUs, specialized agencies are responsible for achieving higher levels of tactical weapon skills as well as tactical high-risk entry training.
Serves as a "detective unit" for the Correction Department, the special agent of the SSU is responsible for keeping current on the latest investigative techniques and case law at this time. Special agents often work hand in hand with investigators of law enforcement from all branches of government, city, county and federal. Many SSU agents are assigned to regional task forces throughout California and some are cross-designated as federal task force with federal partners such as the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF).
The Fugitive Understanding Team
Another elite and low-profile unit, and intentionally so, is the Fugitive Fugitive Team or FAT consisting of over 80 agents who are also assigned to statewide offices, many in the same complex as SSU agents. The FAT Agent is also a criminal investigator and cooperates with the US Marshall Service Warrant Unit (USMS) in searching and capturing individuals sought for high violations, either under CDCR jurisdiction or local agents. FAT Agencies provide services to local agents whose resources do not allow them to pursue perpetrators who have abandoned their jurisdiction, to release offenders who want to commit violations of violence, and individuals desirable under the Federal Warrants. They help the SSU agents in search of escape from the CDCR. The power of FAT agents extends outside the State of California because they also swear Special USMS Deputies. FAT agents are highly trained in the implementation of high-risk warrant service and must complete a special academy to become a "Team" member. Members of these teams are kept low-profile for security reasons, because of their nature of investigating to find fugitives and execute their fears in a timely manner.
FAT shares a sentimental affiliation with the historic California State Ruler, created in May 1853 by the California Legislative Act and organized by Captain Harry Love, to arrest the dangerous offenders of the day. In August 1853, after fulfilling their purpose, the Rangers were deployed out of service. The affiliation that FAT's stock, albeit remotely, is that in July 1996, the California State Legislature issued a special fund channeled through the Correction Department to get the fugitives to seek and bring to court a parole, the most violent offenders of the modern era.
The CDCR also operates special units such as the Investigative Services Unit (ISU), Institutional Gang Investigation (IGI), Transportation Unit, Crisis Relief Team, or Special Emergency Response Team (SWAT version of the CDM police team), Negotiation Management Unit (NMT), K-9 units, and Narcotics Investigations.
In May 2010, the CDCR employs more than 28,000 peacekeepers, classified by position such as state correctional officers, sergeants, lieutenants, captains, counselors, parole agents, general inspectors, special agents (criminal investigators) and EMP.
Coroner Peace Correction Academy
CDCR Peace Officers are trained to become California State Swearing Peace Officers at the Peace Officer's Basic Academy of Peace located in Galt, California. Cadets must complete a 12-week formal and comprehensive training program. The curriculum consists of 640 hours (four months) of training. Instructions include but not limited to firearms, chemical agents, non-lethal impact weapons, fishing and control techniques, state and department legal policies and procedures.
Cadets must also successfully complete the minimum officer and peacekeeping requirements (POST) minimum requirements course. After completing the academy, the cadets were sworn in as CDCR peace officers. After being assigned to their institution or work site, these officers also undergo further training for two years as apprentices (one year of which is spent on probation). After completing their two-year training, they were later treated as regular state correctional security officers (CDCR officers)
Officer killed while on duty
According to the Officer of the Page Massacre Page website, from the beginning of what is currently CDCR, 33 employees have been killed in performing the task. Of these, 20 have been killed by inmates. Seventeen people are employees of detention, and the other three are non-custodial employees overseeing prisoners working in industrial estates. Fifteen deaths came from stab wounds, two coming from gunshot wounds, two coming from embezzlement, and one from being thrown off the tier.
Death row
Sentenced to male detainees held in San Quentin State Prison. Detained female prisoners are being held at the Central California Women's Facility. The execution took place in San Quentin. The State of California took full control of the death penalty in 1891. Initially, the executions took place in San Quentin and in Folsom State Prison. Folsom's last execution took place on December 3, 1937. In an earlier era, the California Institute for Women placed the death penalty for women.
Problem
Prison health care
There are several ongoing lawsuits over medical treatment in the California prison system. Plata v. Brown is a civil rights lawsuit for federal class action that accuses inadequate medical services unconstitutional, and as a result of the provision between the plaintiff and the state, the court issues an order requiring the accused to provide "only the minimum level of medical care required under the Eighth Amendment. "However, three years after agreeing to such provision as a court order, the court conducts an evidentiary hearing that reveals the continuing existence of terrible conditions arising from the defendant's failure to provide adequate medical care to California inmates. As a result, the court ruled in June 2005 and issued an order on October 3, 2005 by placing the CDCR medical health care system in the curator, citing the "mess" of the system. In February 2006, the judge appointed Robert Sillen to that position and Sillen was replaced by J. Clark Kelso in January 2008.
Coleman v. Brown is a civil rights suit of federal class action accusing unsuitable mental health care unconstitutional, filed on April 23, 1990. On 13 September 1995 the court found the delivery of mental health care violated the eight United States Constitution Amendments, and issued a orders for damages requiring the defendant to develop a plan to correct constitutional violations under the supervision of a special teacher.
After the Governor issued the State of the Emergency Proclamation, plaintiffs at Plate and Coleman filed a motion to convene a three-judge court to limit prison populations. On July 23, 2007, the court Plata
In the 2008-09 fiscal year, the state of California spends about $ 16,000 per prisoner per year for prison health care. This amount is by far the largest in the country and more than triple the $ 4,400 spent per inmate in 2001. The country with the second largest prison population in the country, Texas, spends less than $ 4,000 per inmate per year.
Union: California Correctional Peace Officer Association
Department officials are represented by the California Civilizations Association (CCPOA) Association. Established in 1957 and stated objectives including the protection and safety of officers, and legal advocacy, funding and policies to improve work operations and protect public safety. The union has had controversy over the years, including criticism of its great contribution to former California governor Gray Davis. Since California remembers the election, 2003, CCPOA has been a vocal critic of Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger.
In June 2008, the union was under investigation from the Office of the California Inspector General and the CDCR for its role in hiring a 21-year-old parolee by Minority in Law Enforcement, a CCPOA affiliate. After the conclusion of the investigation by both institutions, no errors were found.
See also
- List of law enforcement agencies in California
National:
- List of United States correction bodies
References
External links
- Official website
- Crime Prevention and Correction in California Rules of Conduct
- California Youth and Adult Corrections Authority
- California Correctional Peace Correction Association
- California Reentry Program
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments