Status of the Irish language

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Ireland is the home language, work or primary community for approximately 1% of the Republic of Ireland; the population of the Republic of Ireland is shown as 4,761,865 in the 2016 census. Census 2011 in Northern Ireland shows that Ireland is home language of 0.2% of people, with 6% of people speaking Irish to various levels (see Irish in Northern Ireland). One in four people (~ 1.7 million) on the island of Ireland claim to understand Irish to some extent. Estimated native language speakers from 40,000 to 80,000 people. The area in which the language remains a regional language is referred to as the Gaeltacht area.

Over 65,000 students on the island of Ireland attend Irish secondary education at pre-school, elementary, middle and third level. The Irish pre-secondary school is known as NaÃÆ'onraÃÆ' while Irish and Irish secondary schools are known as Gaelscoileanna and GaelcholÃÆ'¡istÃÆ'. In addition, more than 25,000 second-degree students from across Ireland attend the Irish-language summer high school in Gaeltacht every year, generally for a three-week period.

Irish is the most widely spoken among the 24 official languages ​​of the European Union. The use of language in the Irish diaspora has declined steadily.

The Irish outside Gaeltacht include both a second language speaker and native speakers who were raised and educated through Irish. They are sometimes known as GaeilgeoirÃÆ' and are a growing minority, although their size is uncertain. They are mostly city dwellers. Current trends enable them to represent the future of the language and its survival guarantee.

Recent research shows that urban Ireland is growing in its own direction and that Irish speakers from urban areas can find it difficult to understand the Irish speakers of the Gaeltacht. This is tied to the urban tendency to simplify the phonetic and grammatical structure of language. The written standards remain the same for both groups, and urban Irish speakers have made important contributions to the vast modern literature.

It has been argued that the GaeilgeoirÃÆ' tend to be more educated than monolingual English speakers, and enjoy the benefits of language-based networks, leading to better jobs and higher social status. Although this preliminary study has been criticized for certain assumptions, the statistical evidence supports the view that such bilinguals enjoy certain educational advantages; and the Republic of Ireland's 2016 census noted that Irish speakers are daily educated higher than the general population in Ireland. Of the daily Irish speakers who have completed their education, 49 percent have third or higher degrees at the university or college level. This compares to a 28 percent rate for the country as a whole.

While the number of languages ​​speakers is eloquently increasing (mainly due to the growth of Irish-medium urban education), Ireland in Gaeltacht grows increasingly weaker. The 2016 Census shows that the officially appointed Gaeltacht population in Ireland numbered 96,090 people: down from 96,628 in the 2011 census. Of these, 66.3% said they spoke Irish, down from 68.5% in 2011; and only 21.4% or 20,586 people say they speak Irish daily outside the education system. It is estimated in 2007 that, out of the city, some 17,000 people live in a highly Irish-speaking community, about 10,000 people live in areas where there is substantial language use, and 17,000 people live in the "weak" Gaeltacht community. In no part of Gaeltacht is the only Irish language. A complete or functional monolingualism in Irish is now limited to a small number of children below school age.

A comprehensive study published in 2007 on behalf of ÃÆ'Å¡darÃÆ'¡s na Gaeltachta found that young people in Gaeltacht, although their views were largely favorable from Ireland, used fewer languages ​​than their parents. Even in areas where the strongest language is, only 60% of young people use Irish as the primary language of communication with family and neighbors, and English is preferred in other contexts. The study concludes that, on current trends, the survival of Ireland as a community language in the Gaeltacht region is unlikely. A follow-up report by the same author published in 2015 concluded that Ireland would die as a community language in Gaeltacht in a decade.

In 2010, the Irish government launched the 20-Year Strategy for Irish Language 2010-2030 designed to strengthen the language in all areas and greatly increase the number of speakers. This includes encouragement from the Irish-speaking district in areas where Irish has been replaced by English. The independent 2015 report on Gaeltacht commissioned by ÃÆ'Å¡darÃÆ'¡s na Gaeltachta, however, does not consider this strategy a possible success without radical changes in policy at the national level.

On June 13, 2005, the EU foreign minister unanimously decided to make the Irish language the official language of the European Union. The new arrangement came into force on January 1, 2007, and Ireland was first used at a meeting of the Council of Ministers of the European Union, by Minister Noel Treacy TD, on January 22, 2007.

Video Status of the Irish language

Republic of Ireland

The majority of Irish people in the Republic, in practice, are monolingual English speakers. Users of Irish habits generally fall into two categories: traditional speakers in rural areas (groups in decline) and urban Irish speakers (growing groups).

The number of native Irish speakers in the Gaeltacht region of the Republic of Ireland is currently a fraction of the population than at the time of independence. Many Irish-speaking families encourage their children to speak English because it is the language of education and employment; in the nineteenth century the Irish-speaking regions were relatively poor and isolated, although this remoteness helped language survive as a colloquial language. There is also a continuous outward migration of Irish speakers from Gaeltacht (see related issues in Irish diaspora).

More recent contributors to the Irish decline in Gaeltacht are the immigration of English speakers and the return of native Irish speakers with English-speaking partners. The Planning and Development Act (2000) seeks to address the latter problem, with varying degrees of success. It has been argued that government grants and infrastructure projects have encouraged the use of English: "only about half of Gaeltacht's children learn Irish at home... this is related to the high rate of in-migration and re-migration that has accompanied the economic restructuring of the Gaeltacht in recent decades ". In a last-ditch effort to stop Irish-language deaths at Connemara in Galway, planning controls have been introduced to the construction of new homes in Irish-speaking areas. New housing in the Gaeltacht area should be allocated to English speakers and Irish speakers at the same rate as the existing regional population. It was reported to Nuacht RTÃÆ' â € and Nuacht TG4 in November 2017 that most of the councils with the Gaeltacht region have not implemented this policy since first entry.

Number of Irish speakers claimed

According to the Republic of Ireland census of 2016, 73,803 people speak Irish every day in the Republic of Ireland outside the education system including 20,586 people who speak daily in Gaeltacht outside the education system. However, only 8,068 of the 2016 form census were completed in Irish. Some Irish speakers have called for the census form to be given only in bilingual form every five years to make the Irish version easier for Latin-speaking citizens to use.

This is the List of Irish countries with the percentage of people who profess some Irish language skills in the Republic of Ireland at the 2016 census. The census does not record Irish speakers living outside the Republic of Ireland.

According to Bank of Ireland, less than 1% of their customers use the Irish option on their pass machine.

Public law and policy

In 2002 the Government of Ireland published the first draft of the bill aiming to provide more services of higher quality through Ireland in the public sector. The bill was ratified unanimously by DÃÆ'¡il and Seanad in the summer of 2003. On 14 July 2003, An tUachtarÃÆ'¡n (President) signed the Official Language Act 2003 into law, and the provisions of the Act gradually began apply over a period of several years and still not gradually in full. This is the first time the provision of services in general through Ireland by the state system is placed on a legal footing. It is hoped that the First Language Official Amendment Law will be brought to the Irish Parliament by 2018.

The purpose of the Official Languages ​​Act 2003 is to improve and improve in an organized manner, over the period of time, quantity and quality of services provided to the public through Ireland by public bodies. The Office of An CoimisinÃÆ'  © Ã¥ Teanga ( the Language Commissioner ) was established under the Official Law as an independent legal office operating as an ombudsman service and as a compliance agency. In 2006 the government announced a 20-year strategy to help Ireland become a much more bilingual country launched on December 20, 2010. It involves a 13-point plan and encourages the use of language in all aspects of life. It aims to strengthen the language in Gaeltacht and Galltacht (see 20 Year Strategy for Irish Language 2010-2030).

Constitution

Article 8 of the Constitution states as follows:

1. Irish as the national language is the first official language.
2. English is recognized as the second official language.
3. However, a provision may be made by law for the exclusive use of one of these languages ​​for any or more of the official purposes, whether in the entire State or in any part thereof.

Interpretation 8.3 has been problematic and various judgments have given more light in this regard.

In 1983, the Justice Æ'nAnnluain noted that Ireland is referred to in the current Constitution as 'the first official language' and that Oireachtas alone can prioritize one language over another. Until then it must be assumed that Irish is the first official language, and that citizens are entitled to require its use in administration. In 1988, Justice ÃÆ' â € Å"hAnnluain said it was fair to provide official forms in Irish and English.

In 2001 Justice Hardiman said that "individuals seeking basic legal material in Irish will be more likely to be aware of causing embarrassment to the officials from whom he sought them and will certainly become aware that his business will be much faster and efficiently handled if he uses I can only say that this situation is a violation of the letter and spirit of the Constitution. In the same judgment he expressed his opinion that it is inappropriate to treat Ireland less well than English in official business transactions.

In 2009, however, Justice Charleton said that the State has the right to use documents in any of the languages ​​and that there is no unfair court risk if the applicant understands what language is used.

In 2010, Justice Macken said that there is a constitutional obligation to grant the respondent all the Court Rules in the Irish version as soon as possible after being published in English.

The text of the Irish Constitution takes precedence over the English text (Articles 25.4.6 Â ° and 63). However, the second amendment includes changes to the Irish text to align it more closely with the English text, not vice versa. The Constitution provides a number of Irish terms to be used even in English.

Placenames

The Order of Placenames/ An tOrdÃÆ'º Logainmneacha (Ceantair Ghaeltachta) 2004 requires that a native Irish place of origin be used in Gaeltacht on all documents official, maps and road signs. This has removed the legal status of the place names in Gaeltacht in English. Opposition to these steps comes from several quarters, including some in popular tourist destinations located within Gaeltacht (ie in Dingle) claiming that tourists may not recognize Irish forms of place names.

After the campaigns of the 1960s and early 1970s, most of the signs in the Gaeltacht region were only in Ireland. Most of the maps and government documents have not changed, though the Ordnance Survey (government) map shows bilingual placenames in Gaeltacht (and generally only in English elsewhere). Most commercial map companies retain the English place names, leading to confusion. Therefore the Law is updating government documents and maps according to what has become a reality in Gaeltacht for the past 30 years. Private map companies are expected to follow suit.

Outside Gaeltacht, only English names are officially recognized (pre 2004). But further placenames orders have been passed to allow both the names of British and Irish places to be used. An example of the current inconsistency is the Straffan village, which is defined substantially as An SrafÃÆ'¡in , An CluainÃÆ'nÃÆ' and Teach StrafÃÆ'¡in In the 1830s John O'Donovan listed him as "SrufÃÆ'¡in" The village near Kilteel is "Cill tSile" for centuries, which means "Saint Seale Church", but since 2000 it has been shown as "Cill Cheile ", which does not carry the same meaning.

The Irish vehicle registration plate is bilingual: the registration area is shown in Irish above the plate number as a sort of surtitle, and is coded from English in the platen number. For example, the Dublin plates are subtitle Baile ÃÆ' tha Cliath and plate numbers include D .

Conradh na Gaeilge has expressed concern over the proposed proposed zip code, which, similarly, can use abbreviations based on English place names, although the person who sent the letter will still be able to use the address in Irish. It has been suggested that the zip code should be composed of numbers, as in many other bilingual states, or based on Irish names instead.

Cost

The cost of applying the "Bilingualism Policy" has been questioned both in Ireland and elsewhere. In Britain, Lord Browne of Belmont asked the British Government how much it would cost to apply the 1993 Welsh Language Act across the law and department in Wales. Lord Evans of Temple Guiting replied that "Departments and public bodies vary in the level of Welsh language services they provide or plan to provide before the 1993 Act. Since they will be accommodated within the existing budget, it is impossible to make a flowing additional cost assessment specifically from the requirements of the Act. "

In a 2011 commentary on Irish education, Professor Ed Walsh deplored the fact that the State spends about EUR1,000,000,000 p.a. teaching Irish, although it is not determined how he got to this number. He called a man

... the allocation of reallocations part of EUR1 billion done annually to teach Irish is a good place to start. All students should be introduced to Irish at the elementary level, but after that resources should be directed only to those who have shown interest and commitment. The old policy of necessity that has hindered language restoration must be abandoned.

Professor Walsh's statement provoked further commentary for and against his suggestion.

Companies using Irish

Most private companies in Ireland do not have a formal Irish language requirement. Tesco Ireland and some SuperValu stores have some Irish signage inside the shop. Top The oil garage has several Irish signs in their garage and O'Briens cafes have Irish "FÃÆ'¡ilte" ("Welcome") sign in their cafe. Bank of Ireland ATMs in many places and Samsung phones have the Irish Language option and Meteor also started offering Irish voicemail options to its customers. Persons in accordance with state agencies may send and receive correspondence in Irish or English even though this provision is incomplete in some semi-state enterprises. The ESB, Irish Rail/IarnrÃÆ'³d ÃÆ'â € ireann and Irish Water/Uisce ÃÆ'â € ireann have an Irish-speaking customer support representative and offer Irish and English language options on their phone line, along with written communication in both languages. This service is being phased in to all State organizations. The emergency response number 112 or 999 also has an agent that handles emergency calls in both languages. Fuji Film has introduced the Irish interface option to all Fuji Film kiosks around the world.

All state companies are required to have bilingual signage and stationery and have an Irish option on their website with Official Languages ​​Act 2003 although this provision has not been fully implemented in some state enterprises. The InterCity Bus (IarnrÃÆ'³d ÃÆ'â € ireann) and the Commuter (IarnrÃÆ'³d ÃÆ'â € ireann), the Broad and Bus tram ÃÆ'â € ireir and the Dublin Bus Bus display their bilingual destination names and their internal nameplate and verbal announcements Automatic on their vehicle is bilingual and tickets can be ordered from the Luas ticket machine in Irish along with several other languages.

Daily life

Many major social media forum websites have an Irish choice. These include Facebook, Twitter, Google, Gmail, and WordPress. Some computer software products also have an Irish option. Prominent examples include Microsoft Office, KDE Mozilla Firefox, Mozilla Thunderbird, OpenOffice.org, and Microsoft Windows XP.

Hiberno-English has been heavily influenced by Irish, and Irish-derived words, including all phrases, continue to be English features as used in Ireland: SlÃÆ'¡n (" goodbye "), Sla abn abhaile ( "home safely"), Sla¡inte ("good health": used when drinking like " drink "or" cheers "). The term craic has been popularized in the Gaelicised spelling: "How is craic?" Or "What's the craic?" ("How is it fun?"/"How is it going?").

An Galway-based Taibhdhearc is a national Irish language theater. There is also the Amharclann Ghaoth Dobhair theater based in Donegal Gaeltacht. Sometimes playing through Ireland is done elsewhere in Ireland.

Most public bodies have Irish or bilingual names. An Post, the Republican postal service, displays the names of Irish places outside their offices along with most of their internal signage with equal standing in both Irish and English and continues to have stamps issued in Ireland and displays the names of places in Ireland on the stamp their posts too. as known addresses are printed or written in Irish. Other examples of state agencies or companies with Irish names include Bord GÃÆ'¡is, Bord na MÃÆ'³na and Bus ÃÆ'â € ireann. Traditionally, the private sector is less supportive. Tesco Ireland has announced that their new main board will be bilingual when their new stores are opened and when current monolingual English signs are replaced and they are also considering bringing Irish language options on their services. Top Garage oils have Irish signage in their garage and O'Briens cafes have a sign "FÃÆ'¡ilte" ("Welcome") at their door. In contrast, "100% Irish" SuperValu on the other hand has no Irish signs in many of their stores because it is not Lidl, Aldi, Marks & amp; Spencer and most international retailers and most Irish owned retailers or companies. In Galway, there is no action from most companies to include Irish language into their services, e.g. on the nameplate though the area has a large Gaeltacht area leading to the formation of Gaillimh le Gaeilge ("Galway with Ireland") in the city. They have had a lot of success in promoting Irish language in the business and commercial sectors of the city. There is now a Cill Dara le Gaeilge organization in Kildare and GnÃÆ'³ Mhaigh Eo in Mayo who work with the business sector in those countries as well and it is estimated that there will be many other organizations established in other Irish countries.

In 2016 it was announced that Galway City, Dingle and Letterkenny will be the first recognized Bailte SeirbhÃÆ'sÃÆ' Gaeltachta (City Service Gaeltacht) under the Gaeltacht Act 2012 which is subject to them adopting and implementing approved language plans. It is expected that more areas will be designated as the formal SeirbhÃÆ'sÃÆ' Gaeltachta Bailte in the future.

In 2018 it was announced that five areas outside Gaeltacht on the island of Ireland will be officially recognized as the LÃÆ'onraÃÆ' Gaeilge (Irish Language Network) under the Gaeltacht Act 2012. These areas are Belfast, Loughrea, Carn TÃÆ'³chair, Ennis and Clondalkin. Foras na Gaeilge also said that they hope to give LÃÆ'onraÃÆ' Gaeilge status to other areas in the future.

Signage in Irish can be viewed as a gesture of goodwill toward the language. This does not necessarily mean that the staff in a certain place can speak Irish.

Thanks largely to Gael-Taca and Gaillimh le Gaeilge a large number of new residential areas named in Ireland today in many counties in the Republic of Ireland. What may be surprising to many people is that this initiative only really started in a big way since the early 1990s when Galway City council members issued a policy that all new residential areas in the Galway City Council area will be named only in Irish. The initiative spread to most other Irish districts during the Celtic Tiger 2000 property boom in Ireland largely thanks to Gael-Taca's free service to property developers to give them several Irish-language choice options for their development. More than 500 new residential areas were named in Irish during the initial property boom until the end of 2000 in Ireland. Many regions of Ireland proportionately have fewer Irish-named areas, even though the capital of Dublin and four counties in Northern Ireland do not have it. There are several new residential areas built in Ireland outside the Greater Dublin Region since the great recession.

In an effort to increase Irish language use by the State, the Official Language Law was passed in 2003. This action ensures that state agencies must have services through Irish media for Irish speakers; bilingual signage, website and stationery. Major publications issued by the state and semi-state bodies should also be available in two official languages. In addition, the Office of An CoimisinÃÆ' Â © ir Teanga (Commissioner of Languages) has been established to act as an ombudsman with respect to equal treatment for both languages. Official Language Law is being implemented in stages. The Official Language Amendment Act (2015) is expected to be brought before the houses of the Irish Parliament before the end of the 2011-2016 Greek-Shepherd Government period at office but is now expected to be submitted to the next Government to be brought in. The bill has been drafted and it is expected that among other future changes it will be legal for the Government Department and the government's main report or publication to be exclusively available in Irish or English only.

Media

Radio

Ireland has a significant presence on the radio. RTÃÆ' â € ° RaidiÃÆ'³ na Gaeltachta (Gaeltacht radio) has surpassed the original brief, which includes not only Gaeltacht but also news and national and international issues. It broadcasts on the Irish island of FM, although the station and all of its studios are based in the Republic of Ireland. There are also two Irish-language community radio stations RaidiÃÆ'³ na Life in Dublin and RaidiÃÆ'³ FÃÆ'¨ilte in Belfast, previously an important training station better known for those who want to work on the radio professionally. There is also an internet radio station for young people called RaidiÃÆ'³ RÃÆ'-RÃÆ'¡ which is available in some areas of DAB who hope to receive a national license in FM and there is an internet radio station in Galway RaidiÃÆ'³ na dTreabh hoping to receive a community radio license for broadcast across Galway on FM.

All radio stations in the Republic of Ireland are required to have an Irish language program in accordance with the 2009 Broadcasting Act. Most commercial radio stations in the Republic have a weekly Irish language program. RT radio stations have Irish language programs or daily reports - in many cases bringing Nuacht (News) reports through Irish.

Other community radio stations in Ireland typically have at least one Irish language program per week, depending on the number of employees or volunteers who speak. Near FM, a community radio station covering the northeast Dublin City, broadcasts "Ar Mhuin na Muice" five days a week.

BBC Northern Ireland broadcast an Irish-language service called blas .

Television

The Irish TG4 television station offers a variety of programs, including dramas, rock and pop shows, tech events, travel events, documentaries and award-winning soap operas called Ros na RÃÆ'ºn , with about 160,000 viewers per week. TG4 provided their Irish speakers with information while also giving them a chance to voice their opinions to the public. In 2015 TG4 reported that overall has an average share of 2% (650,000 daily viewers) of the national television market in the Republic of Ireland. This market share rose from about 1.5% in the late 1990s. Ofcom 2014 annual report for Northern Ireland says that TG4 has an average share of 3% of the market in Northern Ireland. TG4 delivers 16 hours a day of television from an annual budget of EUR34.5 million.

CÃÆ'ºla 4 is a children's channel broadcast in the morning and evening on TG4. There are also stand-alone children's digital television channels available under the same name as most of the programs in Ireland and with programs produced at home and abroad.

RTÃÆ' â € ° News Now is a 24 hour digital television news service available that features national and international news. It broadcasts most of the English language news and current affairs and also broadcasts Nuacht RTÃÆ' â € RT 1 day RT English language news program.

Print

Literature

Although Ireland is a small minority language, it has a different modern literature. The famous prose writer is considered the MÃÆ'¡irtÃÆ'n ÃÆ' â € Å"Cadhain (1906-1970), whose densely and complex work has been compared to James Joyce's work. Two great poets were SeÃÆ'¡n ÃÆ' "RÃÆ'ordÃÆ'¡in (1907-1977) and lyricist and scholar MÃÆ'¡¡ire Mhac an tSaoi (born 1922).There are many lesser-known figures who have produced work as well.

In the first half of the 20th century, the best writers came from Gaeltacht or closely related to it. The remarkable autobiography of this source includes A tOileÃÆ'¡nach ("The Islandman") by TomÃÆ'¡s ÃÆ' â € Å"Criomhthain (1856-1937) and Fiche Bliain ag FÃ ¢ ¡s ("Twenty Years A'Growing") by Muiris ÃÆ' â € Å"SÃÆ'ºilleabhÃÆ'¡in (1904-1950).

Ireland has also proven to be an excellent vehicle for scientific work, though especially in areas such as commentary and analysis of Irish language media; literary criticism and historical studies.

There are several publishers specializing in Irish language materials and who together produce many titles each year.

Religious text

The Bible has been available in Irish from the seventeenth century to the Irish Church. In 1964, the first Roman Catholic version was produced in Maynooth under the supervision of Professor PÃÆ'¡draig ÃÆ' â € Å"Fiannachta and finally published in 1981. The Irish Church of the Book of Common Prayer of 2004 is available in the Irish version.

Periodicals

Ireland has an online newspaper called Tuairisc.ie funded by Foras na Gaeilge and advertisers. It replaces the Foras na Gaeilge newspaper previously available in both print and online form. The newspapers Finese (1996-2013) and GaelscÃÆ' Â © al (2010-2013) ceased publication in 2013. Between 1984 and 2003 there was an Irish-language newspaper based in Belfast. LÃÆ'¡ which was relaunched as LÃÆ'¡ Nua and ran as a national daily newspaper between 2003 and 2008 and had a few thousand readers. The Foras na Gaeilge Council announced that they ended funding for newspapers by the end of 2008 and the paper was soon folded.

The Irish News has two pages in Irish every day. The Irish Times has an Irish-language page called "Bileog" published on Monday and they publish some other articles in Irish and some Irish-language news in English about their Irish Treibh page on their website. The Irish Independent publishes an Irish supplement called "Seachtain" on Wednesday and the Irish Daily Star publishes an article in Irish on Saturday. The immigrant newspaper Metro ÃÆ'â € ireann also has articles in Ireland on every issue, as do many local newspapers around the country.

Some magazines are published in the language. This includes the monthly "flagship" review of Comhar , with interest in the new literature as well as current affairs and An magazine magazine by the Ulster branch of Conradh na Gaeilge. An Gael's quarterly magazine, similar to Comhar, was published in North America. The only cultural and lifestyle magazine in Ireland devoted primarily to younger readers is the NÃÆ'³s.

Contemporary music and comedy

The revival of traditional Irish folk music in the sixties probably initially hampered the creation of contemporary folk and pop music in Irish. Traditional music, though still popular, now shares the stage with modern Irish-language compositions, a partial shift due to Seachtain na Gaeilge's influence. Annual album of contemporary songs in Ireland now appears. However, it should be pointed out that all of these last songs are translations from English and not original compositions. The artists include Mundy, The Frames, The Coronas, The Corrs, The Walls, Paddy Casey, Kla, Luan Parle, Gemma Hayes, Bell X1 and comedian/rapper Des Bishop. The Irish-language summer college ColÃÆ'¡iste Lurgan has made a popular video version of irish pop songs in English.

There are two series of Irish-language radio programs specializing in popular music that are broadcast on many UK medium-sized commercial radio stations in Ireland, both made by Digital Audio Productions: Top 40 OifigiÃÆ'ºil na hÃÆ'â € ireann and GiotaÃÆ'. Top 40 OifigiÃÆ'ºil na hÃÆ' â € ° ireann (Official Top 40 Ireland) was first broadcasted in 2007.

It has become increasingly common to hear Irish top 40 songs presented in Irish by radio stations commonly associated with English: East Coast FM, Flirt FM, Galway Bay FM, LM FM, Midwest Radio, Beat 102 103, Newstalk, Red FM, Spin 1038, Spin South West and Wired FM.

Electric Picnic, a music festival attended by thousands of people, featured DJs from Dublin's Irish-language radio station RaidiÃÆ'³ na Life, as well as celebrities from Irish-language media sketches and comedies. Dara ÃÆ' â € Å"Briain and Des Bishop is one of the last, Bishop (who comes from America) after spending a well-publicized year at Conamara Gaeltacht to learn the language and popularize its use.

Education

Gaeltacht School

There are 127 primary schools and 29 junior secondary schools in the Gaeltacht region, with more than 9,000 elementary students and more than 3,000 high school students receiving their education through Irish media. There are also about 1,000 children in Irish preschool or naÃÆ'onraÃÆ' in the area.

In the Gaeltacht region, education has traditionally been through Ireland since the founding of the country in 1922 but some schools are run through English today (in areas where there is no substantial community use from Ireland). A number of students in the Gaeltacht area are L1 language speakers (first language), but even in the Gaeltacht area, languages ​​are taught as L2 (second language) while English is taught as L1 language from 1922 to 2017. Professor David Little comments:

.. Ireland's need as L1 at the post-primary level has been completely ignored, as there is currently no recognition in terms of the curriculum and syllabus of any linguistic differences between the Irish students as L1 and L2.

In 2015 the Minister of Education and Skills Jan O'Sullivan TD announces that there will be a thorough change in Irish language teaching and teaching at the Gaeltacht school which will include an updated curriculum for students and more resources. In 2016 Taoiseach Enda Kenny launched the State Policy on Gaeltacht Education 2017-2022 'which has begun operating gradually since September 2017. The policy document is the first time the State and the Ministry of Education have recognized different linguistic needs from the first and second-language students of the Gaeltacht L1. This policy is a fundamental change in education in Gaeltacht, while also enabling current schools that teach through English in these areas to opt out of continuing into the Gaeltacht school. Since September 2017, new students in most Gaeltacht schools are being taught new subjects of Irish Junior Certificate designed for Irish L1 speakers. It is expected that a new Irish Language Certificate course directed at an Irish L1 speaker will come to the same school in 2020.

Irish-medium education outside Gaeltacht

There is rapid growth in alternative (mostly urban) school systems where Irish is the language of instruction. Such schools (known as Gaelscoileanna at the elementary level) enjoy the strong support of the urban professional class elements, but are also found in disadvantaged areas. Their success is due to limited but effective public support and professional organizational administrative infrastructure.

In 1972, outside of the Irish-speaking area, there were only 11 such schools at the primary and five levels at the intermediate level. There are now 180 Gaelscoileanna at the base level and 31 GaelcholÃÆ'¡istÃÆ' and 17 Aonaid Ghaeilge (Irish units) on the second level. These schools educate over 50,000 students and now there is at least one in each of the 32 traditional counties of Ireland. There are also more than 4,000 children in pre-school preschools or naÃÆ'onraÃÆ' outside Gaeltacht.

These schools have a high academic reputation, thanks to committed teachers and parents. Their success has attracted other parents who seek good inspection performance at a moderate cost. The result has been called a "positive social selection" system, with such schools providing exceptional access to higher education and equivalent work. Analysis of "feeder" schools (which supply students to high-level institutions) has shown that 22% of Irish high schools send all their students to tertiary levels, compared with 7% of English-medium schools.

Since September 2017, new students in Irish high school are taught a new L1 Irish language course for their Junior Certificate designed specifically for Irish high schools. It is expected that a new Irish L1 subject for Leaving Certificate students at Irish language schools will be brought in by 2020.

An Foras PÃÆ'¡trÃÆ'ºnachta is the largest gaelscoileanna protective body in the Republic of Ireland.

Irish summer college

There are 47 Irish summer colleges. It completes the formal curriculum, provides Irish language courses, and gives students the opportunity to immerse in the language, usually for a period of three weeks. Some college-based courses but generally take advantage of adoptive families in the Gaeltacht area under the guidance of an bean for second-degree students. Students attend classes, participate in sports, arts, drama, music, go to cÃÆ' Â © ilithe and other summer camp activities through Irish media. Like a conventional school, the Department of Education sets limits for class size and teacher qualifications. More than 25,000 second-degree students from across Ireland attend an Irish-language summer college in Gaeltacht every Summer. The Irish summer college for second-grade students at Gaeltacht is supported and represented at the national level by CONCOS. There are also short courses for adults and third-grade students in a number of colleges.

Irish in English-medium school

Irish is a compulsory subject at government-funded schools in the Republic of Ireland and has been so since the early days of the country. Currently the language should be studied throughout high school, but students do not have to sit the exam in the last year. It is taught as a second language (L2) on the second level, for native speakers (L1) and learners (L2) alike. English is offered as a first language (L1) course, even for those who speak as a second language. The curriculum was rearranged in 1930 by Pastor Timothy Corcoran SJ from UCD, who could not speak the language itself.

In recent years the design and implementation of compulsory Ireland has been criticized with growing powers for their ineffectiveness. In March 2007, the Minister of Education, Mary Hanafin, announced that more attention would be given to spoken language, and that of 2012 the percentage of marks available in the Ireland Certificate of Leaving exam would increase from 25% to 40% for oral components. The increased emphasis on the oral component of an Irish examination is likely to change the way Irish is examined. Nevertheless, there is still a strong emphasis on written words at the expense of the utterance, which involves literary analysis and poetry and the writing of long essays and stories in Irish for the Passing Certificate exam (L2).

An extra sign of the 5-10% mark is given to students who take some of their exams through Irish, although this practice has been questioned by the Irish Equality Authority.

It is possible to obtain exceptions from learning Irish based on time spent overseas or learning disabilities, subject to Circular 12/96 (primary education) and M10/94 (secondary education) issued by the Ministry of Education and Science. More than half the students are given the exception of studying Irish for Leaving Certificate due to learning difficulties in the three years to 2010 sitting or intended to sit for other European language exams such as French or German.

The Royal Irish Academy 2006 Conference on "Language Policy and Language Planning in Ireland" found that Irish language studies and other languages ​​in Ireland declined. Therefore, it is recommended that training and living for a time in the Gaeltacht region should be compulsory for Irish teachers. No reference was made to the language decline in Gaeltacht itself. The number of second-tier students performing "higher levels" of Irish for Irish Leaving Certificate increased from 15,937 in 2012 to 22,122 in 2017.

The Irish debate is required

Ireland's obligatory abolition of Leaving Certificate has been a policy advocated twice by Fine Gael, a major Irish party who just won power in the 2011 elections as part of a coalition with Labor. This policy was the cause of the rejection of comments by many Irish language activists before the election.

In 2005 Enda Kenny, leader of Fine Gael, called for language to be an optional subject in the last two years of high school. Kenny, though he's an eloquent speaker (and a teacher), states that he believes that Irish must has made his language more dangerous than good. The point was remade in April 2010 by education spokesperson Fine Gael Brian Hayes, who said that forcing students to learn Irish does not work, and really encourages young people away from real engagement with the language. The question provoked a public debate, with some expressing resentment of what they saw as coercion involved in compulsory Ireland. According to TÃÆ'¡naiste Eamon Gilmore who came from Labor in this book "Inside the Room" published in 2015, Enda Kenny tries to persuade him in government formation negotiations in 2011 for Ireland to be optional for the Leaving Certificate but he will not agree to it. No other major party in Ireland is in favor of Ireland being an option for the Let's Certificate and it is questionable if Fine Gael will support the policy again in future manifests if no other party they can share power with in the Government is also in favor of the policy. Fine Gael now places a major emphasis on improving Irish language teaching, with a greater emphasis on verbal fluency than rote learning that characterizes the current system.

By 2014 more than 7,000 students choose not to take their Irish Leaving Cert exams, down from nearly 14,000 in 2009.

In 2007 the Government abolished the requirements for lawyers and lawyers to pass an Irish exam before being eligible to begin professional training at Kings Inns or Blackhall Place. A government spokesman said it was part of a move to remove requirements that are no longer practical or realistic. Bar Council and Law Society run mandatory oral spoken language workshops as part of their professional training courses.

Ireland at tertiary level in Ireland

There are 3rd level courses offered in Ireland at all universities (UCC, TCD, UCD, DCU, UL, NUIM, NUIG, UU, QUB). Many of these universities also have a growing Irish language department, such as the university's constituent NUI, UL, UCC, DCU, UCD and TCD. The Union of Students in Ireland has a full-time Irish officer. Most universities in the Republic have Irish officers selected by students.

University College Cork (UCC) has a unique site where old texts on Irish relevance in several languages, including Irish, are available in a scientific format for general use.

Maps Status of the Irish language

Northern Ireland

As in the Republic, Irish is a minority language in Northern Ireland, known in Ireland as Tuaisceart ÃÆ'â € ireann .

There are 36 Gaelscoileanna; 2 Gaelcholáistà and 3 Irish-moderate Units at the British-medium Graduate School in Northern Ireland.

Attitudes toward language in Northern Ireland traditionally reflect political differences between two divided communities. Language has been regarded with suspicion by Unionists, who have associated it with the Roman Catholic majority, and more recently, with the Republican movement in Northern Ireland itself. Erection of common road signs in Ireland is effectively prohibited under legislation by the Parliament of Northern Ireland, which states that only English is usable. Many of the republics in Northern Ireland, including Sinn FÃ © Â in President Gerry Adams, learned Irish in prison, a development known as jailtacht. Although the language was taught in Catholic high schools (especially by Christian Brothers), the language was not taught at all in the controlled sector, which was mostly attended by Protestant students. Irish high schools, however, known as Gaelscoileanna, were founded in Belfast and Derry and the Gaelscoileanna movement has since expanded into many areas of Northern Ireland similar to its expansion in the Republic of Ireland. An Irish-language newspaper called LÃÆ'¡ (later called LÃÆ'¡ Nua ) produced by The Andersonstown News Group (later called Belfast Media Group) was also established in Belfast in the year 1984 and ran as a daily newspaper between 2003 and 2008. The paper is no longer produced because of a decision by Foras na Gaeilge to stop funding by the end of 2008. Radio BBC Ulster began broadcasting a half hour program every night in Ireland in the early 1980s called < i> Blas ("flavor, accent") and BBC Northern Ireland also showed their first TV program in the language in the early 1990s. BBC Northern Ireland now has an Irish Language Department at their headquarters in Belfast.

In 2006 RaidiÃÆ'³ FÃÆ'¡ilte the first Irish Northern Irish community radio station started broadcasting into the Greater Belfast Region and was one of only two Irish language community radio stations on the Irish island - the other being RaidiÃÆ'³ na Life in Dublin. During Summer 2018 RaidiÃÆ'³ FÃÆ'¡ilte hopes to move to a four-story building they are building a new station named LÃÆ'onra Uladh .

The Ultach Trust was founded with the intent to broaden the appeal of language among Protestants, although DUP politicians like Sammy Wilson taunted him as "leprechaun language". Ulster Scots, promoted by several loyalists, in turn, mocked by nationalists and even some Unionists as "DIY language for Orangemen".

Ireland received official recognition in Northern Ireland for the first time in 1998 under the terms of Good Friday Agreement on "award parity". The cross-border body known as Foras na Gaeilge was established to promote the language in Northern Ireland and the Republic, taking over the function of the previous Republic alone Bord na Gaeilge . The agreement (and subsequent implementation steps and memoranda) also contains specific provisions concerning the availability of Irish TG4 language television services in Northern Ireland. In 2001, the British government ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages ​​with respect to Ireland in Northern Ireland. In March 2005, TG4 began broadcasting from the Divis transmitter near Belfast, as a result of an agreement between the State Department in the Republic of Ireland and the Northern Ireland Office of England. Following the Digital Transition for terrestrial television transmissions in both parts of Ireland in 2012, TG4 is now performed at Freeview HD for viewers in Northern Ireland (channel 51) as well as households in the Border area that have spatial acceptance of the Saorview ROI platform (channel 104). TG4 also continues to be available on other TV delivery platforms throughout Northern Ireland: Sky (channel 163) and Virgin Cable customers in Belfast (channel 877).

The Belfast City Council has set the Falls Road area (from Milltown Cemetery to Divis Street) as the Gaeltacht Quarter of Belfast, one of the four cultural areas of the city. There are a growing number of Irish high schools throughout Northern Ireland (for example, see photo above). Forbairt Feirste worked with the business sector in Belfast to promote Irish language in the business sector and has been very successful in the Nationalist field.

In February 2018 Foras na Gaeilge announced that Belfast and Carn TÃÆ'³chair in Derry will be designated as the first two formal LononraÃÆ' Gaeilge (Irish Language Network) outside Gaeltacht. Other areas to be designated as the first official LÃÆ'onraÃÆ' Gaeilge are Loughrea, Ennis and Clondalkin.

Under the Treaty of St Andrews, the British Government is committed to introducing the Irish Law. Although a consultation document on the issue was published in 2007, the recovery of the devolutionary government by the Northern Ireland Assembly later that year meant that responsibility for the language was transferred from London to Belfast. In October 2007, the previous Minister of Culture, Arts and Recreation, Edwin Poots MLA announced to the Assembly that he did not intend to submit an Irish language bill. The debate about the proposed Acht na Gaeilge or the Irish Law has been the center of contention between Sinn FÃÆ' Â © and DUP since early 2017 in their quest to rebuild the Northern Ireland Executive.

Irish speakers in Northern Ireland are represented by POBAL which is an umbrella organization for the Irish movement in Northern Ireland. POBAL works with other Irish language organizations on the island of Ireland. They share the same name as the Republic of Ireland but are separate organizations.

src: www.fluentin3months.com

Outside Ireland

Irish is no longer used as a community language outside of Ireland, but has maintained a certain status abroad as an academic subject. It is also used as a vehicle of journalism and literature. A small number of activists teach and promote language in countries where large numbers of Irish people migrate.

Irish is taught as a bachelor's degree in a number of tertiary institutions in North America and Northern Europe, and at the University of Sydney in Australia. The University of Auckland in New Zealand teaches it as an additional course.

The organization ColÃÆ'¡iste na nGael plays a leading role in fostering Irish language in the UK. North America has several groups and organizations devoted to the language. Among these are DaltaÃÆ' na Gaeilge and Gaeltacht North America. At Antipodes, the main body is the Melbourne Irish Association of Languages, based in Melbourne. Websites maintained by these groups are complemented by a number of individual sites and blogs.

Irish-language publications outside Ireland include two online publications: an American-based quarterly journal called An Gael , and a two-week bulletin from Australia called An LÃÆ'ºibÃÆ'n .

Ireland at tertiary level internationally

In 2009 the Irish government announced funding for third-tier institutions abroad that offer or wish to offer an Irish language course. There are thirty universities where Irish is taught to students. Furthermore, scholarships for international study in Irish can be achieved by the Fulbright Commission and the Canadian University of Ireland Foundation.

United Kingdom

English:

• University of St. John's University Mary, Twickenham London
• Liverpool
• University of Sheffield
• Cambridge In 2007, the University began offering courses in Modern Irish in addition to the Irish Middle Ages.

Skotlandia:

• Aberdeen
• Edinburgh
• Glasgow

Wales:

• Aberystwyth University
• Cardiff University

Continent of Europe

Austria:

• Innsbruck
• Vienna

Czech Republic:

• Charles University in Prague

France:

• Irish College in Paris
• University of Western Brittany, Brest

Jerman:

• Leipzig
• Freiburg
• Bonn
• Berlin
• Hall
• Mannheim
• Marburg
• Universitas Ruhr Bochum
• Scoil Teangacha Nua-Cheilteacha (SKSK)
• Volkshochschule Buxtehude
• Münchner Volkshochschule

Netherlands:

• Utrecht University

Norwegia:

• Oslo

Polandia:

• Lublin
• Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznan?

Swedia:

• Uppsala

Rusia:

• Moscow

America Utara

Canada:

• Toronto
• Ottawa
• St. Francis Xavier University

United States of America:

• Pittsburgh
• Harvard included. Harvard Extension School
• Berkeley
• Notre Dame
• Wisconsin-Madison
• Marquette
• Arizona
• Marylhurst
• Boston University
• Saint Thomas
• New York University
• Fordham University
• St. University Thomas (Texas)
• The Irish Institute in Pittsburgh, California
• Glucksman, Ireland House, New York
• DaltaÃÆ' na Gaeilge
• University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

Australia

• Sydney

Asia

China:

• Beijing Foreign Studies University

Mobile education

On St. Patrick 2014, a Duolingo language learning application announces the launch of a new Irish language course. By April 2018 the course has been downloaded by 4.27 million users. Data from 2016 showed 53% of learners came from the US; 23% comes from Ireland; 10% comes from the UK and 5% comes from Canada.

In 2016, Irish President Michael D. Higgins praised the seven volunteers who worked with Duolingo to produce the curriculum, calling their contributions "national and global citizenship acts." President Higgins went on to say that he hoped the Duolingo project's impact would attract the attention of the entire Irish Government and increase its confidence in the success of language revitalization efforts.

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See also

• Gaeilge Irish language.
• Official Languages ​​â € <â €
• Gaeltacht Irish-speaking region of Ireland.
• Gaeltacht Act 2012
• ÃÆ'Å¡darÃÆ'¡s na Gaeltachta
• Bailte SeirbhÃÆ'sÃÆ' Gaeltachta Gaeltacht Service Towns.
• LÃÆ'onraÃÆ' Gaeilge Irish Language Networks.
• 20 Years Strategy for Irish Language 2010-2030
• List of Irish language media
• Gaelscoil The Irish middle-linguistic elementary school - usually used to refer to an Irish high school as well.
• Irish language high school GaelcholÃÆ'¡iste.
• Irish in Northern Ireland
• Irish outside of Ireland
• List of organizations in Irish Movement
• Gaelic Gene GÃÆ' idhlig Scotland.

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References

Source of the article : Wikipedia