Jon Graham Burge (born December 20, 1947) is a convicted convict and former detective and commander of the Chicago Police Department who became famous for torturing over 200 criminal suspects between 1972 and 1991 to impose recognition. A renowned US Army veteran, Burge serves tours in South Korea and Vietnam and continues as a registered Army Reserve Army soldier in which he serves in military police.
When he returned to the South Side of Chicago, he began his career as a police officer, reaching the rank of commander. Beginning in the 1970s, allegations were made that Burge and his men under his command used physical attacks and torture to force recognition. Finally, hundreds of similar claims were made.
After the shooting of several Chicago law enforcement officers in 1982 the police secured a number of acknowledgments that contributed to the convictions of the two suspects. One filed a civil lawsuit in 1989 against Burge, another officer and city for torture and police cover-ups; Burge was not found responsible in 1989 because of the jury being hung. After an internal investigation, Burge was suspended from the Chicago Police Department in 1991 and dismissed in 1993 after the Police Department Review Board ruled that he had used torture against the suspect.
After Burge was fired, demands were upgraded to investigate the beliefs that had been recognized by the suspects and he had provided evidence. In 2002, a four-year review, revealed many alleged crimes and other unrighteousness, but no charges were filed against Burge or his subordinates because the law of limitations for crimes had ended. Based on evidence from his investigations and reports, the convictions of some inmates were reversed, returned, or canceled. In 2003, Governor George Ryan spared four of Burge's victims on the death penalty whose belief was based on forced recognition.
Ryan also changed the sentence of 167 prisoners remaining in prison, to live in prison. After the $ 19.8 million civil settlement settlement was reached in December 2007.
In 2008, Patrick Fitzgerald, US Attorney for Northern Illinois, has arrested Burge on charges of fairness and false oaths in connection with testimony in a 1989 civil suit against him for damage to alleged torture. Burge was sentenced on all 28 June 2010. He was sentenced to four and a half years in federal prison on January 21, 2011, and released in October 2014. In 2009, the state passed a law allowing Illinois to Torture the Commission on Inquiry Assistance, cases relating to the beliefs of those who claim to have been tortured by Burge and his officers and impose a forced confession.
It started accepting cases in 2011. Seventeen cases have been referred to mobile court and three were released in April 2016. A total of 130 cases of similar torture by the Chicago police have been claimed, beyond the scope of Burge and its group. In 2015, the City of Chicago announced that it had set up a $ 5.5 million fund for reparations to victims of torture by Burge, and to help their families. By then, the city had paid more than $ 57 million for Burge victims and his group, and another $ 50 million for the defense of officers.
Video Jon Burge
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Raised in the South Deering community area of ​​Southeast Side of Chicago, Burge is the eldest son of Floyd and Ethel Burge. Floyd is a blue-collar worker of Norwegian descent and Ethel is an aspiring fashion writer of Western European descent. Burge attended Bowen High School where he showed interest in the Junior Armed Forces Officers Training Corps (JROTC). There he was subjected to military training, weapons, leadership and military history.
He attended the University of Missouri but dropped out after a semester, ending his draft suspension. He returned to Chicago to work as a stockbroker in the Jewel supermarket chain in 1966.
In June 1966, Burge was enlisted in the army reserve and began six years of service, including two years of active duty. He spent eight weeks in military school (MP) in Georgia. He received some training at Fort Benning, Georgia, where he studied interrogation techniques. He volunteered to perform duties in the Vietnam War, but was assigned as MP coach. He served as a member of parliament in South Korea, collected five letters of appreciation from superiors. On June 18, 1968 Burge volunteered to serve in Vietnam for the second time, and was assigned to the Ninth Military Police Company of the Ninth Infantry Division. He reports to the division headquarters, where he is assigned to provide security as a sergeant in his division camp, named Tia by William Westmoreland. Burge described his military police service as the time spent guarding the convoy, providing security for a forward support base, overseeing security for the central divisional base camp in Dong Tam, and serving the tour as a marshal provost researcher.
During his military service, Burge won a Bronze Star, Purple Heart, the Cross of the Vietnam Sultanate, and two Army Award Medals for his courage, for drawing the wounded to safety while under fire. Burge claimed to have no knowledge or involvement in interrogation of detainees, brutality or torture in Vietnam. Burge was dismissed with respect from the Army on 25 August 1969.
Maps Jon Burge
Police career
Burge became a police officer in March 1970 at the age of 22 on the South Side of Chicago. In 20 years of service, he received 13 praise and letters of praise from the Ministry of Justice. In May 1972, he was promoted to detective and assigned to Area 2 Robbery (Pullman Area). He was later promoted to field lieutenant in the Monroe Street District.
From 1981 to 1986 he served as commander of Area 2 of the Violent Crime Unit until he was promoted to the Bomb and Arson Unit commander in 1986.
In 1988, Burge became the commander of Detective Area 3 (Brighton Park).
Response to the 1982 police shootings
According to The Guardian, federal prosecutors stated that Burge's use of torture began in 1972.
The most important events related to the violations occurred in the winter of 1982. In February 1982, there were several shootings of law enforcement officers on the Chicago South Side: two officers of the Cook County Sheriff were injured and a Chicago rookie police officer was shot and killed on the CTA bus on the 5th February. On February 9, 1982, a suspect on the street picked up the weapons of a police officer, and shot and killed officers and associates. This last incident occurred within Burge's jurisdiction; he is a lieutenant and commander of Area 2.
Burge wants to capture those responsible and launch a broad effort to arrest the suspect and arrest them. Preliminary interrogation procedures allegedly included the shooting of a suspect pet, cuffing the subject to a stationary object for a day, and holding a gun to the head of a minor. Jesse Jackson, spokesman for Operation PUSH; Chicago Defenders; and an angry black Chicago police officer. Renault Robinson, president of the Chicago Afro American Police League, marked the operation of the net as "careless police work, the problem of racism", compared the police action with the actions of the southern sheriff who led the posse that turned into a barrier mass. Jackson complained that the black community was being held under martial law. Police arrested the suspect for the February 9 murder by identification by another suspect. Tyrone Sims identifies Donald "Kojak" White as a shooter, and Kojak is associated with Andrew and Jackie Wilson by making burglary with them earlier on the day of the murder.
Torture
Andrew Wilson was arrested on the morning of 14 February 1982 for the murder of the last two police officers. At the end of the day, he was taken by police and taken to Mercy Hospital and Medical Center with lacerations in various parts of his head, including his face, bruised chest and second-degree thigh burns. More than a dozen wounds were documented as a cause when Wilson was in police custody.
Both Andrew Wilson and his brother, Jackie, claimed to be involved in the February 9 fatal shooting of police officers. A medical officer who saw Andrew Wilson send a memo to Richard M. Daley, then Cook County State Prosecutor, requested that his case be investigated on suspicion of police brutality. This never happened.
Criminal trial
During the two-week trial in 1983, Andrew Wilson was found guilty of murder and sentenced to death. His brother, Jackie, was found guilty as an accomplice and sentenced to life imprisonment. Both appealed their beliefs. In 1985, Jackie Wilson's conviction was overturned by the Illinois High Court because his right to remain silent has not been properly clarified by the police.
Because Andrew Wilson has been sentenced to death, his case can not be revisited on the same basis by the Court of Appeals, and directly to the Illinois Supreme Court. In April 1987, the Supreme Court overturned Andrew's conviction with the verdict that his confession had been imposed involuntarily from him when under pressure. It orders a new trial.
In October 1987, the appellate court further ruled that Jackie Wilson should be tried separately from his brother. He was sentenced as an accomplice in his second trial. The court also ruled that the evidence against Andrew Wilson, on other matters the police wanted, was not admitted falsely in court over murder charges.
The case was submitted to a lower court for retrial. Andrew Wilson was convicted at the second hearing in June 1988. After five days of consideration, the jury was unable to approve Wilson's eligibility for the death penalty; Ten women supported this punishment and two people opposed it. The following month, Andrew Wilson was sentenced to life in prison.
Wilson's civil lawsuit against officer and city
In 1989, seven years after his arrest in 1982, Andrew Wilson filed a civil suit against four detectives (including Burge), a former police superintendent, and the City of Chicago. He said that he had been beaten, strangled with plastic bags, burned (with cigarettes and radiators), and treated with electric shocks by police officers while interrogated about the February 1982 killing; he has also been the victim of a pattern of police and city cover-up.
The jury selection for a civil trial began on February 15, 1989. The original six-person jury (as usual for a civil court in Illinois) consists of two women and four men. With ethnicity it consists of three African Americans, one Latino, and two whites.
When Burge took a seat on March 13, 1989, he denied that he injured Andrew Wilson during the interrogation and denied any knowledge of such activity by any other officers.
Wilson's legal team, led by G. Flint Taylor from the People's Legal Office, received an anonymous letter during the trial of a person claiming to be an officer working with Burge. The man alleges that Wilson's case is part of a larger pattern of police torture against African-American suspects, which Burge agrees. US District Judge Brian Barnett Duff did not allow the jury to hear this anonymous proof.
Gradually, the cases of the other officers mentioned in the Wilson lawsuit were resolved. On March 15, 1989, Sergeant Thomas McKenna was released from brutality; and on March 30, 1989, detectives John Yucaitis and Patrick O'Hara were each released from unanimous accusation by the jury. But, the jury is at a dead end about Burge.
Duff ordered a retrial for Burge, a former Supt Police. Richard Brzeczek, and the City of Chicago on two other remarkable charges (conspiracy and whether Chicago City policy against police brutality contributed to Wilson's wound). Burge was released from this charge in the second trial, which began on June 9, 1989, and lasted nine weeks.
The ruling in civil cases has three points: 2) the jury found that the City of Chicago used the policy of using excessive force on the police officer's assassin suspect, but 3) Wilson was not tortured.
Upgrading reports about torture and new civilian clothing
The first long report of torture by the Chicago police was published beginning in January 1990 in the alternate weekly Chicago Reader. Throughout the year, as additional material was published by the Chicago Tribune, Civil activists and Burge victims encouraged disciplinary action against officers.
Danny K. Davis ran for Chicago mayor in a Democratic primary scheduled on February 26, 1991, making police brutality and excessive force a problem in the campaign. He looked for reviews of independent citizens from the police department. On January 28, 1991, Amnesty International called for an investigation into police torture in Chicago. When the city's mayor, Richard M. Daley, seemed reluctant to begin the investigation, his opponent Davis questioned whether any police and towns were closed.
Finally, after pressure by citizen organizations and anti-brutality organizations, the police department again conducted an internal investigation.
In 1991, Gregory Banks, a convicted convict, filed a $ 16 million civil suit in damages against Burge, three colleagues, and the City of Chicago for forgiving brutality and torture. He said that he had wrongly confessed in 1983 for murder after he was tortured by the officers: they put a plastic bag on top of his head, put a gun in his mouth, and took other actions. He claims the officers abuse eleven other suspects, using measures such as electro shock. The suit was brought by lawyer of the People's Legal Office representing Andrew Wilson in a police brutality case in 1989. The suit described 23 incidents against black and Hispanic suspects between 1972-1985. The Bank's lawsuit called Sergeant Peter Dignan as one of the officers involved in the offense. In 1995, Dignan was promoted for meritorious services, even though the City of Chicago had gone out of court with the Bank in his jacket.
In 1993, Marcus Wiggins filed a third lawsuit against Burge and the city, saying that he had been imprisoned at the age of 13 because of an electric shock during interrogation and forced into forced confession.
In November 1991, the Office of Professional Standards of the Chicago Police Department (OPS), the internal afffairs division investigating complaints of police abuse, recognized the October 25, 1991 request for action against Burge. This is a common precursor for police dismissal and advises City of Chicago Corporation 30 days to consider the report. Burge was suspended for 30 days pending separation, beginning on 8 November 1991.
The Chicago Police Department set up a November 25 hearing to formalize the Burge shooting and two detectives based on 30 counts of abuse and brutality against Wilson. The trial reviewed the results of an internal police investigation that Burge and Detective John Yucaitis had physically abused Andrew Wilson in 1982, while Detective Patrick O'Hara had done nothing to stop them.
The delay caused controversy after the 30-day period ended, and officers remained suspended without pay. They are suing for recovery, but their claim for recovery was initially rejected.
During the trial, an internal report, which has been pressed for years, reveals previous police investigation findings that criminal suspects have been subjected to systematic brutality at Detective Area 2's headquarters for 12 years and that supervisory commanders have knowledge of the violations.
During the February 1992 trials, several victims allegedly testified against Burge.
The internal trial ended in March 1992, and the Chicago Police Department found Burge guilty of "physically abusing" a murder suspect 11 years earlier; ordered his shot from the police on 10 February 1993.
Detectives Yucaitis and O'Hara were given a 15-month repayment unpaid and recovered, which is equivalent to the same sentence as the time served. After the recovery, the two detectives were initially demoted, but about a year later, they were rehired at the rank of full with payback for the time served while being lowered.
Burge sought to overturn the decision, but the postponement and subsequent shootings were upheld.
Due to internal hearings, the City of Chicago simultaneously paid lawyers to defend Burge during an appeal by Wilson and a new civil case by the Bank, while hiring lawyers to sue him for department allegations. The city hired an outside lawyer to prosecute detectives at an internal hearing. After spending $ 750,000 to defend Burge in the Wilson case, the City of Chicago debated whether to follow normal procedures and pay for the defense of its police officer.
In 1993, Andrew Wilson was given a new trial in a civil case against Burge by the 7th US Circuit Court of Appeal. The decision was based on the fact that during the civil case of 1989, the officer's defense had worked to "immerse the jury in the gross details of Wilson's crime" and did not respond to the suspect "the right to be free from torture and correlative the right to file his torture claim to a jury who had not been flogged in hate full of hatred ".
The investigation carried out by the Office of Professional Standards of the Chicago Police Department (OPS) concluded in 1994 that Jon Burge and his detectives were involved in "methodical" and "systematic" torture, and "The type of abuse described is not limited to normal beating, but goes to esoteric areas such as psychological techniques and planned torture. "
As more information about the Burge government was published, the activists worked to rescue some Chicago inmates in prisons who claimed to have been wrongly convicted. In 1998, representatives of the MacArthur Justice Center at the University of Chicago Law School, the Center for International Criminal and Human Rights Law in London, law professor Anthony Amsterdam, former federal judge George N. Leighton and Abner Mikva, Illinois judge R. Eugene Pincham, and activist Bianca Jagger, called for a postponement of execution for Aaron Patterson, a death row inmate from Chicago. His conviction for murder was based primarily on the confession he claimed was forced by the torture of Burge and his officers.
In 1999, lawyers for several death row inmates began to call for a special review of beliefs based on evidence and recognition extracted by Burge and his colleagues. These inmates: Aaron Patterson; Madison Hobley; Stanley Howard; Leonard Kidd; Derrick King; Ronald Kitchen; Reginald Mahaffey; Jerry Mahaffey; Andrew Maxwell, and Leroy Orange, known as "Death Row 10".
In the Goldston Report (1990), Chicago City mentions 50 allegations of police brutality and abuse by Burge and other officers. The city of Chicago has been fighting for decades with the issue of forced recognition; in the 1990s quietly reopened some controversial brutal cases. Despite extensive investigations into action by a number of police employees, several others but Burge were sanctioned.
Some politicians, including US Representative Bobby Rush, asked State Attorney Richard A. Devine to seek a new trial for Death Row 10 which allegedly tortured by Burge in making forced confessions. Devine met with representatives and supporters of prisoners and was persuaded to request that the Illinois Supreme Court continue the trial of three inmates. However, the Illinois Supreme Court rejected Devine's request. Rush seeks Attorney General Janet Reno to pursue federal intervention.
In February 1999, David Protess, a professor of Northwestern University journalism, and his students are studying the cases of the person being sentenced to death. They found evidence related to Death Row prisoner Anthony Porter who might help free him.
The students produced four written statements and recorded statements linking the guilt for the crime with another suspect. They get recitations by some witnesses of their testimony in court. A witness claimed that he named Anthony Porter a suspect only after the police officers threatened, harassed and intimidated him to do so.
In 2000, Governor Ryan placed a moratorium on execution in Illinois after the court acquitted and released 13 prisoners who had been wrongly convicted. Ryan also promised to review the case of all death row in Illinois.
Given the many cases of alleged brutality to be investigated, inmates who claim to have been harassed and forcible confessions are offered a penalty reduced in return for the alleged drop. The defense agreement was reached with one convicted victim. Devine made a wider offer to some inmates. Aaron Patterson rejected the plea agreement.
On January 11, 2003, after losing faith in the state's death penalty system, Republican Governor George Ryan returned home from converting the death penalty from 167 prisoners to the Illinois death prison. He was granted clemency by turning their death sentence into a life sentence without parole in many cases, while reducing a few sentences.
In addition, Ryan has forgiven four death row inmates: Madison Hobley, Aaron Patterson, Leroy Orange, and Stanley Howard, who are among the ten who claim they were forced to confess by Burge and his officers and have been wrongly punished. In an unusual process, the governor took extraordinary pardons of pardons right than the trial.
Daley, at the time of the Cook County State Prosecutor, has been accused by the Illinois General Assembly of failing to act on information he has about Burge and others. Daley acknowledged his responsibility to be proactive in stopping torture, but denied any knowledge that could make him responsible.
On July 19, 2006, Congressman Jesse Jackson Jr. issued a press release calling Mayor Daley guilty, perhaps even criminally charged, for his failure to prosecute until the limit law had expired. Jackson called for an investigation to determine if there were any delays planned to allow the case to end. The death row opponents asked US President Bill Clinton to follow Ryan's lead in stopping the execution.
In August 2000, the Illinois Supreme Court overturned or returned two Burge-related death cases on suspicion of torture by the police. The court ordered a new trial for two inmates.
Civil clothing by man is forgiven
After being pardoned by Governor Ryan, Burge's accuser of the death penalty began filing lawsuits against the city and its officers. Madison Hobley was the first of four convicted inmates to file a lawsuit in May 2003. Aaron Patterson followed in June with a lawsuit, and Stanley Howard filed a lawsuit in November 2003. LeRoy Orange also filed a lawsuit.
The four men filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois against the City of Chicago, Burge, several former subordinate police detectives, Cook County, and some current State Attorneys and former State and Cook County state assistants (list of police officers and prosecutors which exactly varies from plaintiff to plaintiff). Although each case was randomly assigned to different district judges, all parties agreed to have four consolidated cases for discovery management before Judge Geraldine Soat Brown. In December 2007, a $ 19.8 million settlement was reached between the plaintiff and the so-called "city defendant," which consisted of the City of Chicago, Burge, another former detective, and Richard M. Daley (former Cook County District Attorney and Mayor of Chicago on when settlement). The cases against Cook County and the current prosecutor/prosecutor continue until July 2008.
Custom investigations
The Chicago Police Department has investigated Burge through the Office of Professional Standards (OPS). Known as the Goldston Report (September 28, 1990) for investigators, the internal report specifies that "the greater amount of evidence is that harassment does occur and that is systematic."
The report "lists the names of fifty people suspected of being victims of torture and brutality, the names of the detectives involved, and stated:" Certain commando members are aware of systematic harassment and perpetuate it either by actively participating in the same or failing to take any action to bring it to the end '. "The 1990 report was never publicly published, because it was the custom to keep such internal investigations in private unless and until prosecution took place, but that was the basis of the suspension process of the Police Department, hearing and firing the Burge in 1991-1993.
In 2002, the Cook County Bar Association, the Chicago Justice Coalition and others petitioned to review the charges against Burge. Edward Egan, a former attorney, an Illinois Court of Justice lawyer, and a semiretired lawyer who lives in Florida, was appointed a Special State Attorney ("special prosecutor") to investigate allegations originating from 1973. He hired an assistant, several lawyers, and a pensioner agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Former prosecutor Robert D. Boyle was also appointed as a special prosecutor.
In 2003, former Chief Special Division Officer of the US Attorney's Office, Gordon B. Nash Jr., was appointed as an additional special attorney.
A total of 60 cases were ordered for review. A special prosecutor was employed because Cook State Attorney Richard Devine had a conflict of interest stemming from his tenure at the law firm of Phelan, Pope & amp; John, who has defended Burge in two federal suits. Criminal Court Judge Paul P. Biebel Jr. leading the determination of the need for a review to determine the appropriateness of criminal prosecution and the appointment of a special prosecutor.
During the written investigation phase, Burge and eight other officers applied for the Fifth Amendment. On September 1, 2004, Burge was confronted with a subpoena to testify before a jury in an ongoing criminal investigation of police torture while in town for a civil lawsuit deposition in his law office. Burge begged the Fifth Amendment for almost every question during a 4-hour civil case deposition. He only answers questions about his name, the name of his ship ( Vigilante ), and his annual retirement of $ 30,000. The city of Chicago continues to be bound by a court order to pay Burge's legal fees. Finally, three police officers were given immunity to continue the investigation into Burge.
Three years after the investigation, no criminal charges were filed. During this period, inmates were pardoned and others still in jail have filed several civil suits against Burge and the city in federal court. At that time, a total of 139 victims of abuse were involved in the case, as well as 19 researchers. Disillusionment with the progress of the city prompted the victims of torture to ask the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights to distribute their hearing for an hour in their October 2005 session.
On May 19, 2006, the court ruled that the city should issue a special report on allegations of torture, because there is an interesting public interest in the material. Previous police investigations have not been publicly disclosed. On June 20, 2006, the Illinois Supreme Court canceled the special report blocking by Egan, which took 4 years and cost $ 17 million. Eventually the group evaluated 148 cases. The investigation revealed that in three cases, prosecutors could prove, without a doubt in court, that police torture had occurred; five former officers including Burge were involved. Half of the claims are considered credible, but because the time of the cases exceeds the statute of limitations for police violations of the suspect, no charges were made.
Daley and all the deposed law enforcement officers were removed from the report. 75 cases of credible abuse are ignored; the report focuses on doubts about the torture of four convicted death row convicts. Among the final fees is $ 6.2 million for investigation and $ 7 million to hire outside lawyers for Burge and his group. Many activists were disappointed to learn that the restrictive law meant that Burge would not be tried for torture. Debates in the open pages continued for days. Egan explained his report to the public with legal theories and problems of federal jurisdiction.
On the same day that the court decided to issue a special report, the 36th session of the UN Committee against Torture issued a report "Conclusions and recommendations of the United States Against Torture Committee". The document states:
The Committee is concerned over allegations of impunity from some law enforcement personnel of the State Party in connection with acts of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The Committee noted limited investigations and lack of prosecution in connection with allegations of torture committed in areas 2 and 3 of the Chicago Police Department (article 12). States Parties shall promptly, thoroughly and impartially investigate all allegations of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment by law enforcement personnel and bring the offender to court, to fulfill its obligations under article 12 of the Convention. The State party shall also inform the Committee of ongoing investigations and prosecutions in respect of the above-mentioned cases.
Burge in Florida
Burge continues to receive police pensions as eligible under Illinois state law. After being fired, he moved to Apollo Beach, Florida, a suburb of Tampa. In 1994, he bought a current wood-frame house for $ 154,000 and a 22-foot (6.7 m) motorboat. While a police officer, Burge has had a 40ft (12m) cabin cruiser named The Vigilante he defended at Burnham Harbor. After retiring in full retirement, he runs a fishing business in Florida. The exact amount of his pension is not a matter of public records, but he is eligible for 50% of his approximately $ 60,000 of his salary.
Aftermath: legal changes
In response to the disclosure of torture by Chicago police, the state legislature began to consider a bill in 1999 that required interrogation video footage in murder cases. Illinois State Senator Barack Obama pushed for a videotape mandated through the Illinois State Senate in 2003. It was enacted in 2005, after the interrogation room was completed and training of officers was conducted.
There have been many legislative reforms passed in 2003 related to increased use of capital punishment and preventing false beliefs. After Governor Rod Blagojevich, a Democrat, vetoed several provisions, the country house unanimously voted 115-0 to authorize the package, setting aside his veto. Reform includes including the Illinois Supreme Court's greater powers to dispose of unfair sentences, giving defendants more access to evidence, and banning the death penalty in single witness-based cases.Reforms are among the 80 recommendations made by the Illinois Commission for Capital Punishment , formed in 2000 by former Governor George Ryan to deal with false beliefs and a corrupt state capital punishment system. "
Capture
Although Burge has been deemed to be protected by restrictions, US Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois, Patrick Fitzgerald, in October 2008 accused Burge of two counts of a barrier to justice and a false allegation. Burge was arrested on October 21, 2008 at his home in Apollo Beach by FBI agents.
With the indictment, Burge could be sentenced to 40 years in prison for two stoppages and five years in the number of perjury. The allegations were the result of civil rights lawyer Crow Crow Madison Hobley accusing police beatings, electric shocks and death threats by Burge and other officials against dozens of suspected criminals.
Burge pleaded not guilty and was released with a $ 250,000 bond. Fitzgerald notes that although Burge was accused of lying, and not the torture imposed by the statute of limitations, he believes Burge is guilty of both.
In a press conference on October 21, Fitzgerald stated that Burge had "lied and obstructed the trial" during his written testimony in 2003. In the indictment, the prosecutor stated that Burge understood that he was a participant and was aware of "events involving harassment or torture detained persons ". The trial was set for May 11, 2009. Conversely, on April 29, Burge filed a change-of-place movement, in relation to a lawsuit filed by former Death Row inmate Madison Hobley, and a Burge court set for October 29, 2009.
Also in April, Cortez Brown, an inmate who has sought a new court in connection with his conviction in two murders in 1990, which he says he has admitted under physical coercion, has summoned two Chicago police detectives for trial May 18, 2009. He won the right of a Cook County judge to summon Burge. Burge is expected to implement his 5th Amendment not to incriminate himself. The Florida judge refused to give a summons, given the possibility that Burge would exercise its 5th amendment right.
On May 6, the jury selection began for Burge's court for perjury and obstruction of justice. 80 jurors were given 29 pages of questionnaires to complete. Lawyers until May 24 to review the list of questions before the final jury selection begins. A total of 90 jury candidates were given a questionnaire on May 17th.
The trial heard its first testimony on 26 May. Burge testified in his own defense for six hours on June 17 and in the following days. The closing of the argument was heard on June 24, and judges' consideration began on 25 June.
On June 28, Burge was sentenced to three charges: two allegations of justice and one allegations of false oath.
On January 21, 2011, Burge was sentenced to four and a half years in federal prison by US District Judge Joan Lefkow, who refused to withdraw from the case. The federal trial office has recommended sentences of 15 to 21 months, while prosecutors have asked for 30 years. Burge served his sentence at the Butner Low Federal Penitentiary near Butner, North Carolina. Burge's projected release date is February 14, 2015; he was released from prison on October 3, 2014. Plans to file federal civil lawsuits against Burge, Daley and others were announced in 2010.
City fees for police violations
In April 2014, the Better Government Association, a non-partisan watchdog group, reported that the city of Chicago had spent more than $ 521.3 million in the previous decade on trial completion, judgment, and legal costs for defense related to police abuses. In 2013, the most expensive year, it paid more than $ 83.6 million.
The city pays a total of $ 391.5 million in settlement and assessment.
More than a quarter, or $ 110.3 million, associated with 24 wrongful lawsuits. A dozen of the 24 people involved are now imprisoned [as of April 2014] ex-cops of Chicago Cmdr. Jon Burge, whose detective is accused of torturing the confessions of most black male suspects for years. Overall, the city has paid Burge detective alleged victim over $ 57 million, the record shows.
Commission for Assigning Advocacy inquiry
In 2009, the state legislature passed a law authorizing the creation of the Illinois Rescue Rescue Commission (TIRC) to investigate cases of people "where police torture may have resulted in a mistake of belief". In some cases, the alleged admission of confession is the only evidence that leads to belief. Its scope is limited to those tortured by Burge or by other officers under its authority, as made explicit in law and by appeals court review in March 2016. That month, the court also ruled that TIRC does have jurisdiction within the detective cases who had served under Burge, even if the claim was for the incident later.
Beginning in 2011, TIRC has referred 17 cases to mobile court for judicial review for possible assistance. Three inmates have been released on the basis of a review of their case. Individuals can start claim to commission. Until April 2016, 130 other cases have heard of tortures that Burge or his subordinates did not commit. Cities and countries are struggling to determine how to treat these large numbers of torture victims in a fair way. The bill's sponsors are trying to change it in 2014 to expand the scope for all claims of torture by police in Chicago, but can not get support in a country house. They will try again.
Violent culture
In 2011, Cook County State Prosecutor Anita Alvarez forced the Office of Integrity Conviction to review cases of confidence depending on evidence from Richard Zuley's homicide detective from the Chicago Police Department. In 2013 Lathierial Boyd, a man whose conviction depended on Zuley's evidence, won liberation and freedom after 23 years in prison for false beliefs; it was discovered that Zuley had suppressed the evidence. Another case review by Zuley is ongoing. Several civil suits were filed against Zuley, by Bond and by current prisoners, who accused them of being punished by imposed framing or recognition.
Discussing a larger culture of violence created by Chicago police, journalist Spencer Ackerman in February 2015 reported that Zuley, who at the time retired from COPD, had served in 2003-2004 with a US Navy Reserve as an interrogator at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba, founded by the George W. Bush administration. (Zuley has returned to CPD after his navy service.)
In 2003, one of his subjects was the famous detainee Mohamedou Ould Slahi, for which the Minister of Defense has authorized an extended interrogation technique, as classified as torture. The Divine Memoir, Guantanamo Diary , was published in January 2015, and quickly became an international bestseller. He details the torture he suffered. Ackerman notes that inmates with claims or claims against Zuley have described details similar to physical and psychological violence against Slahi. Chicago local publications identified Zuley as Burge's protege, but Ackerman said the two officers never worked together. Zuley mainly works on the North Side.
City Repair
On April 14, 2015, the Mayor of Chicago, Rahm Emanuel, announced the creation of a $ 5.5 million city fund for individuals who could prove they were the victims of Burge. When this fund was first proposed by aldermen in 2013, they suggested that it should be set at $ 20 million.
Burge broke his silence to say he found it hard to believe that the political leadership of Chicago could "even contemplate providing reparations to the flea man". The Fund was approved by the Chicago City Council on May 6, 2015.
In agreeing to reparations, Chicago became the first city government to approve compensation of victims who have legal claims for police torture. Under the terms, about 60 survivors will each be entitled to receive up to $ 100,000. Survivors and their immediate family, and immediate family of deceased torture survivors, will also be given access to services, including psychological counseling and free guidance to City Colleges of Chicago. In addition, the city approved the construction of a public warning for the deceased victim and established the requirement that students in the eighth and tenth grade who attend the Chicago Public School learn about the Burge heritage.
At the May Board meeting, when more than a dozen surviving Burge witnesses watched, Mayor Emanuel offered an official apology on behalf of the City of Chicago, and board members stood and applauded. G. Flint Taylor, a lawyer at the People's Law Office and part of a legal team negotiating the deal, said in an interview that "non-financial repairs make it truly historic". Taylor predicted that reparations would be "a beacon for other cities here and around the world to deal with racist police brutality."
Representation in other media
The Burge case has been recorded in various formats in the mass media.
- Books Unspeakable Stories, Ordinary People (2001, ISBN: 0-520-23039-6) by John Conroy, a reporter for Chicago Readers covering the event, including four chapters on Burge's story.
- The 1994 Public Broadcasting documentary film, entitled End of the Night Stick and produced in conjunction with Peter Kuttner, analyzes allegations of torture against Burge.
- Untouchable: Power Corrupts (2015 episode "Burge")
Note
References
- Conroy, John, Unspeakable Acting, Ordinary People: Dynamics of Torture ; ISBN: 0-520-23039-6, University of California Press, 2001.
External links
- Police Torture in Chicago: Archive of articles by John Conroy about police torture, Jon Burge, and related issues, Chicago readers ; accessed June 6, 2018.
- the Jon Burge article in the Chicago Tribune archive
- Police Abusive archives at Chicago Tribune
- an archive of Jon Burge's article on The Chicago Syndicate
- Trial Begins for Former Chicago Police Lieutenant Accused of Torturing Over 100 African American Men - video report by Democracy Now!
- Video: Jury Convicts Chicago Police Commander Jon Burge of Lying About Torture
- Human Rights at Home: Archives of Torture Police of Chicago, humanrights.uchicago.edu; accessed June 6, 2018.
- Police Offenses, legislation.nternwestern.edu; accessed June 6, 2018.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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