John Chapman (26 September 1774 - 18 March 1845), better known as Johnny Appleseed , is an American pioneer coach who introduced apple trees to large parts of Pennsylvania, Ontario, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, as well as the western region of West Virginia right now. He became an American legend while still alive, because of his kindness, his generous attitude, his leadership in conservation, and the symbolic importance he connects with apples. He is also a missionary for The New Church (Swedenborgian) and an inspiration for many museums and historical sites such as Johnny Appleseed Museum in Urbana, Ohio, and Johnny Appleseed Heritage Center in Ashland County, Ohio. Fort Wayne TinCaps, a small league baseball team in Fort Wayne, Indiana, where Chapman spent his last years, was named in his honor.
Video Johnny Appleseed
Family
John Chapman was born on September 26, 1774, in Leominster, Massachusetts, the second child (after his sister Elizabeth) from Nathaniel and Elizabeth Chapman (nÃÆ' Â © e Simonds, married February 8, 1770) from Massachusetts. His birthplace has granite markers, and the street is called Johnny Appleseed Lane .
While Nathaniel was in military service, his wife died (July 18, 1776) shortly after giving birth to a second son. Chapman ended his military service and returned home in 1780 to Longmeadow, Massachusetts. In the summer of 1780 he married Lucy Cooley from Longmeadow, Massachusetts, and they had 10 children.
According to some records, a 18-year-old man persuaded his 11-year-old brother, Nathaniel, to go west with him in 1792. The couple seemed to have lived nomadic life until their father brought his extended family to the west in 1805 and met they are in Ohio. Young Nathaniel decided to stay and help their father's farmland.
Shortly after the brothers split up, John started his apprenticeship as a retinue under Mr. Crawford, who owned an apple orchard, inspiring his journey of planting an apple tree.
Maps Johnny Appleseed
Life
There are stories of Johnny Appleseed practicing his nursery crafts in the Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania area, and picking seeds from pomace at the Potomac juice factory in the late 1790s. Another story is Chapman who lived in Pittsburgh at Grant's Hill in 1794 at the time of the Whiskey Rebellion.
Popular pictures are Johnny Appleseed spreading random apple seeds wherever he goes. In fact, he planted nurseries rather than gardens, built a fence around them to protect them from cattle, leaving nurseries in the care of neighbors who sell trees with stocks, and return every year or two years to care for the nursery. The first nursery was planted on the edge of Brokenstraw Creek, south of Warren, Pennsylvania. Furthermore, he appears to have moved to Venango County along the French Creek coast, but many of these nurseries are located in the Mohican region in north-central Ohio. These areas include the cities of Mansfield, Lisbon, Lucas, Perrysville, and Loudonville.
According to Harper's New Monthly Magazine, near the end of his career, he was present when a traveling missionary was advising an open court in Mansfield, Ohio. The sermon is long and heavy with the topic of luxury, because the pioneers buy indulgences such as calico tea and imports. "Where are there men who, like primitive Christians, travel to heaven barefoot and wear rough clothes?" the preacher repeatedly asked until Johnny Appleseed, his endurance run out, walked up to the preacher, put his bare feet on a stump that served as a podium, and said, "This is your primitive Christian!" The messed up sermons put the congregation aside.
She will tell stories to the children and spread the Gospel of the New Church to adults, receive a floor to sleep at night, and sometimes dinner, in return. "We can hear him read now, just as he did that summer day, when we were busy knitting upstairs, and he lay by the door, his voice rising and shrill and loud and loud like the roar of the wind and the waves, then soft and soothing when the cool air that vibrates in the morning glory leaves his gray beard his skills are sometimes weird, and he is undoubtedly a genius, "reported a woman who had known him in his last years. He made several trips back east, both to visit his sister and to fill his supply of Swedborgian literature.
He preached the gospel when he traveled, and during his journey he transformed many Native Americans, whom he admired. The Native Americans regard it as someone who has been touched by the Great Spirit, and even the hostile tribes leave it strictly alone.
He is very concerned about animals, including insects. Henry Howe visited all counties in Ohio in the early nineteenth century and collected some stories from the 1830s, when Johnny Appleseed was alive:
On a cool autumn night, lying near his fire in the woods, he observed that mosquitoes flew in flames and burned. Johnny, who was wearing a tin tool that answered both as a porridge hat and pot, filled it with water and put out the fire, and then commented, "God forbids me to build fire for my comfort, which should be a means to destroy His creatures."
At other times, he allegedly made a campfire in the middle of a snowstorm at the end of a wooden beam where he intended to pass through the night but found him occupied by a bear and his son, so he fired his flames to the other end and slept on the snow in the open air, rather than annoying the bear.
In the story collected by Eric Braun it is said that he has a pet wolf who started following him after healing his injured leg.
More controversially, he also planted dogfennel during his journey, believing it to be a useful medicinal herb. It has now been considered a dangerous invasive weed.
According to another story, he heard that a horse had to be lowered, so he bought the horse, bought some acres of grass nearby, and changed it to recover. When that happens, he gives the horse to someone in need, demands a promise to treat him humanely.
During his later life, he is a vegetarian. She never married. He thinks he will find his soul mate in heaven if he does not appear on earth.
Death
Different dates are listed for his death. Harper's New Monthly Magazine in November 1871 did not seem right to say that he died in mid-1847, although this was considered by many to be the primary source of information about John Chapman. Several Indiana newspapers reported the date of his death on March 18, 1845. Goshen Democrat published a death notice for him in the March 27, 1845 edition, citing the day of the March 18 death of that year. The notification of the newspaper's death reads:
"In Fort Wayne, on Tuesday, 18, John Chapman's instinct, commonly known as Johnny Appleseed, is about 70. Many of our citizens will remember this eccentric individual, as he walked leisurely through the city eating dry and cold bread. , and freely conversing about the mystery of his religious faith, he is a loyal follower of Emanuel Swedenborg, and regardless of his real prosperity, is considered to be in a good situation.
The Fort Wayne Sentinel printed the news of his death on March 22, 1845, saying that he died on March 18:
"On the same day in this neighborhood, in old age, Mr. John Chapman (better known as Johnny Appleseed).
The deceased was famous in the region for his eccentricity, and the strange clothes he usually wore. He follows the occupation of a nurseryman, and has been a regular visitor here for up to 10 years. He is a Pennsylvania native we understand but his home - if at home - for the last few years was in the Cleveland neighborhood, where he had family living. He was supposed to have a sizeable property, but denied himself almost all of his common life needs - impossible for greed because of his strange ideas on religious subjects. He is a follower of Swedenborg and confidently believes that the more he survives in this world the less he has to suffer and the greater his happiness hereafter - he submits to every privacy with joy and contentment, believing that in doing so he secures a comfortable place afterlife.
In the worst weather he may look bare feet and almost naked except when he happens to pick up things from old clothes. Regardless of the privacy and exposure he experienced, he lived to an extreme old age, not less than 80 years old at the time of his death - though no one would judge by his appearance that he was 60 years old. "He always brings some work to the Swedish doctrines with which he is very familiar, and will easily speak and argue about his teachings, using a lot of shrewdness and penetration.
His death was quite sudden. He was seen on our street a day or two before. "
His grave site is also disputed. The developer of the apartment complex at Canterbury Green and the golf course in Fort Wayne, Indiana, claims that his grave is there, marked by rocks. Therein lies the cabin Worth where he died. 41Ã, Â ° 6? 36? N 85Ã, Â ° 7? 25? W
Steven Fortriede, director of Allen County Public Library (ACPL) and author of 1978 Johnny Appleseed , believes that another grave is the right site, at Johnny Appleseed Park in Fort Wayne. Johnny Appleseed Park is a Fort Wayne town park adjacent to Archer Park, an Allen County park. Archer Park is the site of John Chapman's grave marker and used to be part of the Archer family farm.
The Worth family attended the First Baptist Church in Fort Wayne, according to records at ACPL, which has one of the nation's top pedigree collections. According to an 1858 interview with Richard Worth Jr., Chapman is buried "honorable" in the grave of Archer, and Fortriede believes that the use of the term "honorable" suggests that Chapman is buried in the sacred grounds of Archer's tomb instead of near the cabin where he died.
John H. Archer, grandson of David Archer, wrote in a letter dated October 4, 1900:
The historical records of his death and burial by The Worths and their neighbors Pettit, Goinges, Porter, Notestems, Parker, Becket, Whiteside, Pechons, Hatfields, Parrants, Ballards, Randsells, and Archers in David Archer's personal cemetery are substantially correct. The grave, more particularly the headboard commonly used at the time, had long decayed and became completely obliterated, and at the moment I do not think that anyone with any degree of certainty comes within fifty yards to show the location of his grave. Suffice it to say that he has gathered with his neighbors and his friends, as I have mentioned, since most of them lie in the grave of David Archer with him.
The Johnny Appleseed Commission Council of Fort Wayne City reported, "[A] was part of Indiana's 100th anniversary celebration in 1916 the iron fence was placed in the grave of Archer by the Horticulture Society of Indiana departing the tomb of Johnny Appleseed." At that time, living people attending Johnny Appleseed's funeral. Direct and accurate evidence is available later. There is little or no reason for them to make a mistake about the location of this grave. They found the tomb in Archer buried the ground. "
Legacy
Johnny Appleseed left a plantation of more than 1,200 acres (490 acres) of precious nurseries to his sister. He also has four plots in Allen County, Indiana, including a nursery in the City of Milan with 15,000 trees, and two plots in Mount Vernon, Ohio. He bought the southwest quarter (160 acres) section 26, Mohican Township, Ashland County, Ohio, but he did not record deed and lose property.
The financial panic of 1837 took its toll on his property. Each tree carries only two or three cents, compared to the "fippenny bits" (about six and a quarter cents) that he usually gets. Some of his land was sold for taxes after his death, and litigation spent most of the rest.
Fort Wayne, Indiana, is the location of Johnny Appleseed's death. A warning at Fort Wayne's Swinney Park was meant to honor him but not to mark his tomb. In Fort Wayne, since 1975, the Johnny Appleseed Festival has held its third full weekend in September at Johnny Appleseed Park and Archer Park. Musicians, protesters, and vendors dressed in the early 19th century clothing and offered food and drink that would be available later. In 2008, Fort Wayne Wizards, a small league baseball club, changed their name to Fort Wayne TinCaps. The first season with a new name is in 2009. That same year, Tincaps won their only league championship. The name "Tincangan" is a reference to the tin hat (or pan) Johnny Appleseed is said to have worn. Their team mascot is also named "Johnny."
From 1962 to 1980, a high-school athletic league consisting of schools from around Mansfield, Ohio, the area was named Johnny Appleseed Conference.
In 1966, the US Postal Service issued a 5-cent stamp to commemorate Johnny Appleseed.
A memorial at Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati, Ohio is at the top of the yard in Section 134. A circular garden surrounds a large rock where Chapman's bronze statue stands, facing the sky, holding an apple tree in one hand and a book in the other. A bronze cenotaph identified him as Johnny Appleseed with a biography and short speech.
March 11 and September 26 are sometimes celebrated as Johnny Appleseed Day. The date of September is the admitted Appleseed date of birth, but the March date is sometimes preferred because during the growing season.
Johnny Appleseed Elementary School is a public school in Leominster, Massachusetts, where his birth. Mansfield, Ohio, one of Appleseed's stops in the show, was home to Johnny Appleseed Secondary School until it closed in 1989.
The village of Lisbon, Ohio, hosts the annual festival of Johnny Appleseed 18-19 September.
Johnny Appleseed's huge terracotta statue, by Viktor Schreckengost, adorns the front of the Lakewood Auditorium Civic Center in Lakewood, Ohio. Although the local education council considered Appleseed too "eccentric" as a figure to confer the front of the building, renaming the statue only "Early Settler," students, teachers and parents alike still called the statue with its intended name: "Johnny Appleseed."
Urbana University, in Urbana, Ohio, maintains one of the two Johnny Appleseed Museums in the world, open to the public. The Johnny Appleseed Education and Museum Center has a number of artifacts, including trees believed to have been planted by Johnny Appleseed. They also provide a number of services for research, including the national registration of Johnny Appleseed relatives. In 2011 the museum was renovated and updated. Education centers and museums are founded on the belief that those who have the opportunity to learn about Johnny Appleseed's life will share his appreciation for our education, our country, the environment, peace, moral integrity and leadership.
In modern culture
Johnny Appleseed is remembered in American popular culture with his travel track or the Swedborgian hymn ("God is good to me..."), which is currently sung before eating in some American households:
"Ooooh, God is good to me, so I thank God, for giving me the things I need, sun and rain, and appleseed, God is good to me Amin, Amin, Amin, Amin, Amin."
Many books and movies are based on the life of Johnny Appleseed. One important note is from the first chapter of The Botany of Desire: A-View of the World by Michael Pollan. Pollan states that since Johnny Appleseed has opposed transplanting, his apple is not of the edible type and can only be used for apple cider: "Really, what Johnny Appleseed did and the reason he was accepted in every cabin in Ohio and Indiana was he brought a gift of alcohol to the border He is our American Dionysus. "
In 2003, North Carolina Playwright Keith Smith wrote a one-phase musical called My Name Johnny Appleseed, which was presented to schoolchildren to show that the real story of John Chapman is as interesting as the mythical, and fable.
One of the more successful films is Melody Time , a 1948 animated film from Walt Disney Studios featuring Dennis Day. The Legend of Johnny Appleseed , a 19-minute segment, tells the story of an apple farmer who saw others go west, wishing he had not been bound by his garden, until an angel appeared, sang an apple song, Johnny's arrangement on mission. When he treats skunks well, all animals everywhere thereafter trust him. The cartoon featured live songs, and a childlike message of simplicity. This short animation is included in Disney's American Legends , a compilation of four animated shorts.
That said, the only surviving tree planted by Johnny Appleseed is on Richard's farm and Phyllis Algeo from Nova, Ohio. Some marketers claim it is Rambo, more than a century before John Chapman was born. Some even make claims that Rambo is "Johnny Appleseed favorite variety", ignoring that he has a religious objection to grafting and picking wild apples for all the mentioned varieties. It seems that most nurseries call the "Johnny Appleseed" variety tree, not Rambo. In contrast to mid-summer Rambo, various types of Johnny Appleseed mature in September and are apple-like varieties similar to Albemarle Pippin. The nursery offers Johnny Appleseed trees as an immature apple tree to be planted, with scions of Algeo stock grafted on them. Poor people do not seem to market the fruit of this tree.
The reference to Johnny Appleseed is abundant in popular culture. He appeared in Neil Gaiman American God as Algonquin Whiskey Jack's (Wisakedjak) sycophant. NOFX rock bands, Guided by the Sound, and Joe Strummer and Mescaleros have all released songs entitled "Johnny Appleseed", as well as the pastoral duo of American Grammy winners Eric Tingstad and Nancy Rumbel. "Johnny Appleseed" was also featured in the comic series in The Victor in the early sixties. In Philip Roth's novel American Pastoral, the central character envisioned himself as Johnny Appleseed when he moved from Newark to a rural community; in this case, this figure represents an innocent American version of an astrologer and like a child. The Japanese role-playing game Wild Arms 5 mentions Johnny Appleseed as the central figure in the plotline.
Apple Inc. using the "Johnny Appleseed" character as the placeholder name in many recent ads, video tutorials, and examples of keynote presentations; this is also the alias of Mike Markkula where he published several programs for Apple II. "John Appleseed" has also emerged as a contact on Apple's many demonstration apps, inc. This name appears in the caller ID, as the sender in the app demonstration and the "mail" screenshot and also in the application icons "TextEdit" and "Logic Pro X".
Shelley Duvall Tall Tales & amp; Legends featured Johnny Appleseed, as played by Martin Short, in 1986. Also featuring Rob Reiner as Jack Smith and Molly Ringwald as his nephew Jenny, his story - while entertaining - takes much freedom with the original fairy tale.
The science fiction novel Robert A. Heinlein Farmer in the Sky , which portrays the future colonies in Ganymede and consciously takes on many themes from 19th century American borders and homesteading, also includes a character known as "Johnny Appleseed "and, as is historical, involved in planting and spreading apple trees.
The science-fiction novel John Clute Appleseed (2001) centers on a character who may (or may not) be the eternal John Chapman.
John Chapman and his brother Nathaniel are the characters in Alice Hoffman's novel The Red Garden. They appear in the "Eight-Night Love" chapter as they pass the Blackwell township, where they plant a garden but also the Tree of Life in the center of the city, a tree that is said to bloom and bear fruit in the middle of winter. In Hoffman's book, John has a brief relationship with a young woman named Minette Jacob, who will hang himself after losing his husband, son, mother and sister, but who regains the joy of living after meeting the brothers. Earlier in this chapter the author indicated that John was reading Swedborg pamphlets, and later in the novel the characters actually referred to him as Johnny Appleseed. Various apples are called by the "Blackwell Look-No-Further."
In 2016, the historical podcast, The Broadsides, performed an episode detailing the life and myths surrounding Johnny Appleseed.
See also
- Hero of the People
- Seed bombing
- Tree planting
- Silviculture
- Tree-Planted Man , an allegorical tale of another tree planter
References
Note
Quote
Further reading
- William Kerrigan, Johnny Appleseed and American Orchard: Cultural History. Baltimore, MD: johns Hopkins University Press, 2012.
External links
- "The Appleseed Walk" is a tribute to Johnny Appleseed's legacy
- "Johnny Appleseed: A Hero Pioneer" from Harper's Magazine , November 1871.
- Johnny Appleseed Festival in Sheffield, PA
- Search for Johnny a documentary by director Miroslav Mandic
- Searching for Johnny Official movie site
- "Johnny Appleseed Trail in North Central MA"
- Donald Greyfield (January 1, 2001). "John 'Johnny Appleseed' Chapman". Heroes of the People and Patriots . Find Grave . Retrieved August 18 2011 .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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