Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae, MD (November 30, 1872 - January 28, 1918) was a Canadian poet, physician, writer, artist and soldier during World War I, and a surgeon during the Second Battle of Ypres, in Belgium. He is famous for writing the famous war memorial poem "In Flanders Fields". McCrae died of pneumonia near the end of the war.
Video John McCrae
Biography
McCrae was born at McCrae House in Guelph, Ontario to Lieutenant Colonel David McCrae and Janet Simpson Eckford; he is a Scottish immigrant grandson. His brother, Dr. Thomas McCrae, became professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins Medical School in Baltimore and a close associate of Sir William Osler. His brother Geills married a lawyer, Kilgour, and moved to Winnipeg.
McCrae attended the Guelph Collegiate Vocational Institute. He took a year from his studies because of recurring problems with asthma.
Among his papers at John McCrae House in Guelph was a letter he wrote July 18, 1893 to Laura Kains when he was trained as an artillery at Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario. "I have a maid.. Just that glorious place, in fact.. My window looks right across the bay, and just near the water's edge; there are lots of shipments currently in the harbor; and the river looks very pretty."
He was a resident master in English and Mathematics in 1894 at Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph.
McCrae returns to the University of Toronto and completes the B.A. and then back again to study medicine with a scholarship. While attending the university, he joined Zeta Psi Fraternity (Theta Xi chapter, class 1894) and published his first poem.
In medical school, McCrae teaches other students to help pay her school fees. Two of his students included the first female doctor in Ontario.
McCrae graduated in 1898. He first became a home officer at Toronto General Hospital, then in 1899 at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. In 1900 McCrae served in South Africa as a lieutenant at the Canadian Field Artillery during the Boer War (1899-1902). McCrae served in artillery during the Second Boer War, and upon his return was appointed professor of pathology at the University of Vermont, where he taught until 1911; he also teaches at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec.
In 1902, he was appointed as a pathologist at Montreal General Hospital and later became an assistant pathologist at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal, Quebec. In 1904, he was appointed as a medical associate at Royal Victoria Hospital. Later that year, he went to England where he studied for several months and became a member of the Royal College of Physicians.
In 1905, McCrae arranged his own practice even though he continued to work and teach at several hospitals. That same year, he was appointed as a pathologist to Montreal Hospital and Infant Hospital. In 1908, he was appointed a doctor to Alexandra Hospital for Infectious Diseases. In 1910, he accompanied Lord Gray, the Governor-General of Canada, on a canoe trip to Hudson Bay to serve as an expeditionary physician.
McCrae is a coauthor, with J. G. Adami, from medical textbooks, A Pathology Textbook for Medical Students (1912, second edition, 1914).
Maps John McCrae
World War I
When Britain declared war on Germany at the beginning of World War I, Canada, as Dominion in the British Empire, was at war too. McCrae was appointed as Medical Officer and Major of the First Brigade of the CFA (Canadian Field Artillery). He was treated wounded during the Second Battle of Ypres in 1915, from a hasty shack, 8 feet by 8 feet dug behind a dike along Yser Canal about 2 miles north of Ypres. McCrae's friend and former militia friend, Lieutenant Alexis Helmer, was killed in battle, and his burial inspired the poem, "In Flanders Fields", written on May 3, 1915 and first published in Punch magazine.
From June 1, 1915, McCrae was ordered to leave the artillery to establish Canada's General Hospital. 3 in Dannes-Camiers near Boulogne-sur-Mer, northern France. C.L.C. Allinson reported that McCrae "accidentally told [what] he thought about being transferred to medical and withdrawn from his beloved weapon." His last words to me were: 'Allinson, all the damned doctors in the world will not win this bloody war : what we need is more people fighting. '"
"In Flanders Fields" appeared anonymously on Punch on December 8, 1915, but in that year's index McCrae was named the author. The verses quickly became one of the most popular poems in the war, used in countless fundraising campaigns and often translated (the Latin version begins In agro belgico... ). "In Flanders Fields" is also printed extensively in the United States, which is considering joining the war, in addition to 'replies' by RW Lillard, ("... Do not be afraid that you have died in vain,/The torch you cast to us we caught... ").
For eight months the hospital operated in Durbar tents (donated by Begum Bhopal and sent from India), but after suffering the storms, floods, and snow was transferred in February 1916 to the old Jesuit High School in Boulogne-sur-Mer.
McCrae, now "household names, though often spelled wrong", considers his sudden fame with amusement, hoping "they will print" In F.F. 'true: never existed', but (write his biographer) 'he is satisfied if the poem allows men to see where their duties are.'
On January 28, 1918, while still leading No. 3 Canadian General Hospital (McGill) in Boulogne, McCrae died of pneumonia with "widespread pneumococcal meningitis". He was buried the next day at the Commonwealth War Monitoring Division in Wimereux Cemetery, just a few miles from Boulogne beach, with full military honor. His flag-covered casket was covered by guns and mourners - including Sir Arthur Currie and many of McCrae's friends and staff - preceded by McCrae's charger, "Bonfire", with McCrae's shoes upside down on the stirrup. Campfire with McCrae from Valcartier, Quebec until his death and loved so much. McCrae's tomb is placed flat, as are others in that section, because of the unstable sandy soil.
"In Flanders Fields"
His collection of poems, In Flanders Fields and Other Poems (1918), published after his death.
Although legends have evolved as an inspiration for the poem, the most commonly held belief is that McCrae wrote "In Flanders Fields" on May 3, 1915, a day after the funerals and funerals of his friend Lieutenant Alexis Helmer, who had been killed during the Second Battle of Ypres. The poem was written as he sat behind a medical ambulance near the make-up post at Essex Farm, north of Ypres. Poppy, who is a key feature of the poem, grew in large quantities in war lands and tombs in pampered Flanders.
In 1855, the English historian Lord Macaulay, writing of the Landen Battle site (in modern Belgium, 100 miles from Ypres) in 1693, wrote "The next summer of land, fertilized by twenty thousand corpses, broke into millions of poppy flowers. The traveler who, on the way from Saint Tron to Tirlemont, saw the large sheet of rich red cloth that spread from Landen to Neerwinden, can hardly help imagine that the figurative prediction of the Hebrew prophet was truly accomplished, that the earth was exposing its blood, and refusing to cover up the slain. "
The Canadian government has placed a warning for John McCrae featuring "In Flanders Fields" on the makeup station site located next to the Commonwealth Essex Market Graves Commission Commonwealth Cemetery. The Belgian government has named this site the "John McCrae Memorial Site".
Legacy
McCrae was appointed the Historic National Historic Person in 1946.
McCrae is a great-uncle of former Alberta parliamentarian David Kilgour and Kilgour's sister Geills Turner, who married former Canadian prime minister John Turner.
In 1918, Lieutenant. John Philip Sousa wrote the music for "In Flanders Fields the poppies grow" said by Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae.
The Cloth Hall of Ieper ( Ypres in French and English) in Belgium has a permanent war museum called "In Flanders Fields Museum", named after poetry. There are also photographs and short biographical monuments to McCrae at St George Memorial Church in Ypres. In May 2007, to commemorate the 90th anniversary of writing his famous poem with a two-day literary conference.
Several institutions have been named in the honor of McCrae, including John McCrae Public School in Guelph, John McCrae Public School at Markham, John McCrae Senior School in Toronto and John McCrae Secondary School in Ottawa, Ontario.
A bronze memorial plaque dedicated to Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae was founded by the Guelph Collegiate Vocational Institution.
McCrae House is converted into a museum. The Canadian War Museum currently has a gallery for a special exhibit, called the The Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae Gallery .
In May 2015, the McCrae statue by Ruth Abernathy was founded on the Green Island (Rideau River) in Ottawa, Ontario. McCrae dressed like an artillery officer and his medical bag nearby, as he wrote. The statue shows the destruction of the battlefield and, on its feet, a poppy flower which is a symbol of World War I Warnings and all armed conflicts ever since. A copy of the statue was erected at the Guelph Civic Museum in Guelph in 2015.
The road next to the grave where he is buried is named in his honor, even though the path is called "Rue Mac Crae".
Notes and references
Further reading
McCrae, Lieutenant Colonel John (1919), In Flanders Fields and Other Poems , Arcturus Publishing (reprint 2008), [ ISBN 1-84193-994-3External links
- Guelph Civic Museum McCrae House
- Biography at Canadian Online Biography Dictionary
- John McCrae's Work on Project Gutenberg
- The work by John McCrae in Faded Page (Canada)
- Works by or about John McCrae in the Internet Archive
- Works by John McCrae on LibriVox (public domain audiobook)
- John McCrae in Flanders Fields - Historical Essay, illustrated with many photos of McCrae
- For the appearance of In Flanders Fields in the movie, see John McCrae at IMDb
- "In the Flanders Fields" museum, Ypres.
- Lost Poets of the Great War, a hypertext document on World War I poetry by Harry Rusche, from the Department of English, Emory University. It contains a bibliography of related material
- John McCrae's Veterans Affairs
- John McCrae's page on Poeticous.com
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments